IBL  S  SJ'  -3-  T  &  5f 


AND 


OF   THE 


WITH 


EXPLANATORY     NOTES 


AND 


SCHOOL     HISTORY     REFERENCES 


BY 

HENRY   B.   CARRINGTON,  M.  A.,  LL.  D. 


COLONEL   UNITED    STATES    ARMY 


Author  of  "  Battles  of  the  American  Revolution  " 


NEW  YORK 

A.    S.    BARNES    &    COMPANY 
in  &  113  WILLIAM  STREET 


CHICAGO,  ILL. :  36  &  38  MADISON  STREET 


COPYRIGHTED  1881, 

BV 
HENKY  B.  CARRJNGTON. 


E 
030 


Readier*  an* 


INTRODUCTORY 


growth  of  the  United  States  is  so  rapid,  and  all  nations  are 
so  intimately  associated  by  modern  activities,  that  no  ordinary 
School  History  can  combine  the  sterling  facts  of  the  world's  progress, 
and  at  the  same  time  clearly  define  the  military  events  of  the  Ameri- 
can iL'tir  for  national  independence. 

To  condense  that  military  record  and  apply  it  directly  to  maps, 
as  object  lessons,  will  diminish  the  difficulty,  and  equally  correct  an 
impression  that  the  war  itself  had  small  military  value,  except  as  a 
means  to  new  political  conditions. 

The  classical  student  is  early  taught  by  the  campaigns  of  Ccesar 
and  Hannibal,  that  the  celebrated  maxims  of  Napoleon  are  only  re- 
statements of  principles  which  those  great  soldiers  embodied  in  their 
philosophy  of  war,  and  that,  while  new  appliances  of  force  are  t  Jit- 
product  of  spirited  invention,  the  science  of  war  itself  remains  sub- 
si  a  n  ( lally  u  ncha  nged. 

In  like  manner  the  A  merican  youth  will  more  highly  value  his 
birth-right  as  an  American,  if  he  can  see,  that  great  armies  and  great 
reputations,  which  attach  to  late  wars,  only  enforce  the  statement,  that 
the  war  of  the  Revolution  was  one  of  extraordinary  issues,  and  that 
maturing  history  only  adds  to  the  reputation  of  Washington  as  a 
soldier. 

It  is  not  practicable  to  use  elaborate  histories  as  text  books  in  the 
curriculum  of  study  at  Normal  Colleges,  Academies,  High  Schools 
or  Military  Schools,  and  the  cost  of  school  books,  both  standard  and 
elementary,  is  already  a  severe  tax  upon  teachers  as  well  as  pupils. 

An  Atlas  of  maps  and  charts,  with  military  notes,  and  a  refer- 
ence to  paragraph  or  page  where  each  leading  event  is  mentioned  in 
school  histories,  now  in  use,  will  alike  facilitate  instruction  and  study. 

Some  of  these  histories  have  been  compiled  with  special  regard 
to  their  use  by  distinct  localities  or  Churches.  The  Atlas  will  sup- 
plement the  brief  narrative  in  each,  and  to  that  extent  become 
auxiliary  to  the  labors  of  the  scholars  who  have  devoted  themselves 
to  the  elucidation  of  A  merican  History,  for  the  benefit  of  youth. 


>HILE  military  science  embodies  many  technical  details,  its  phi- 
losophy is  that  of  sound  mental  judgment  as  to  the  right  con- 
duct and  support  of  armies  in  the  field  ;  and  good  common 
sense  is  its  simplest  expression. 

The  school  pupil  is  only  annoyed  by  the  intrusion  of  the  formal 
matter  of  a  strictly  military  discussion,  but  will  be  aided  in  the  study 
of  military  history  by  a  plain  statement  of  accepted  sub-divisions  of 
military  science  as  an  art.  The  merits  and.  defects  of  commanders  can 
be  better  understood  through  some  standard  by  which  to  weigh  their 
acts.  Thus,  a  soldier,  successful,  on  condition  that  resources  and  sup- 
plies are  adequately  within  his  reach,  might  prove  a  failure  if  he  had 
to  assemble,  organize  and  transport  all  elements  of  true  success  ;  and  a 
good  Engineer  or  Quartermaster,  is  not  necessarily  equal  to  an  emer- 
gency, when,  a;  in  the  case  of  Washington,  the  commander  is  respon- 
sible for  his  army,  as  a  whole,  and  for  every  subordinate  element  and 
relation.  The  following  brief  statement  will  aid  the  student : 

Wise  STATESMANSHIP  is  fundamental  in  declaring  military  policy. 

GRAND  STRATEGY  "secures  those  combinations  which  will  assure 
the  highest  possible  advantage  in  the  employment  of  military  force.  It 
deals  with  the  theatre  of  war,  its  character,  resources,  topographical 
features,  inter-communication,  and  all  substantial  difficulties  to  be  over- 
come in  the  way  to  success."  Howe,  at  Long  Island,  and  Brandywine, 
and  Washington  in  the  New  Jersey  campaign,  illustrated  good  strategy. 

GRAND  TACTICS  "teaches  how  to  handle  armies  in  the  field." 
Clinton  and  Washington  met  the  conditions  at  Monmouth. 

LOGISTICS  "  embodies  the  practical  art  of  bringing  armies  fully 
equipped,  to  the  battle  issue."  This  involves  all  supplies  of  ordnance, 
provisions,  medicines,  transportation,  etc.,'  etc.  General  Greene  excelled 
in  this  art,  and  Washington  was  pre-eminently  watchful  of  minutest 
details. 

ENGINEERING  "  is  the  application  of  mathematics  and  mechanics 
to  works  offensive  and  defensive,  the  crossing  of  rivers,  removal  of 
obstacles  and  kindred  service."  Gridley  showed  skill  in  fortifying 
Breeds  Hill,  and  both  Greene  and  Rufus  Putnam  aided  successfully  to 
establish  posts  on  the  Hudson.  So  did  Kosciusko  at  Saratoga. 

MINOR  TACTICS  "  involves  the  instruction  of  soldiers,  individually, 
in  the  details  of  military  drill,  and,  the  perfection  of  discipline." 

This  was  the  special  merit  of  Baron  Steuben  at  Valley  Forge  ;  so 
that  the  army  was  seasoned  for  the  ensuing  campaign. 


?v 


I1 


3lluatrcitiau** 


LIST  OF  MAPS.                                                               PAGE.  PAGE  IN  HISTORY. 

I.— Outline  of  Atlantic  Coast 6 FRONTISPIECE 

2.     Battle  of  Bunker  Hill c follows  page  in 

3.— Siege  of  Quebec   10 137 

4. — Boston  and  Vicinity 12 "         "  154 

5. — Operations  in  Canada 14. ......  169 

6.— Battle  of  Long  Island 16 "         "  213 

7. — New  York  and  Vicinity 18 "         "  227 

8.— Capture  of  Fort  Washington   20 "         "  253 

9. — Trenton  and  Vicinity 22 "  269 

10. — Trenton  and  Princeton 24 "         "  277 

II. — Operations  in  New  Jersey 26 "         '  302 

12. — Burgoyne's  Saratoga  Campaign 28 312 

13. — Battle  of  Hubbardton 30 "  321 

14. —             "    Bennington 32 '  334 

15. —     "       "    Freeman's  Farm 34 "  344 

16. —     "       "    Bemis  Heights 36 "         "  349 

17. — Surrender  of  Burgoyne 38 "         "  354 

i-. — Capture  of  Forts  Clinton  and  Montgomery 40 $ti 

19  — Battle  of  Brandywint 42 "  381 

20. —              '    Germantown 44 '  391 

21. — Operations  on  the   Delaware 46 '  395 

22. —         "          near  Philadelphia 48 "         "  398 

23. — Encampment  at  Valley  Forge 50 "           '  401 

24. — La  Fayette  at  Barren  Hill 52 "           '  407 

25.— Battle  of  Monmouth 54 "         "  445 

26.  — Siege  of  Newport 56 "  456 

27. —             '    Savannah 58 '  483 

2-           '       "    Charleston '"*>   "          "  497 

29. — Battle  of  Springfield 62 "         "  502 

30. — Outline  Map  of  Hudson  River,  Highlands 64 "           '  512 

31. — Battle  of  Camden (-t "         "  522 

32. — Arnold  at  Richmond  and  Petersburg 68 "          "  533 

33. — Battle  of  Cowpens 7° "         "  54& 

34. — Operations  in  Southern  States 72 556 

35. — Battle  of  Guilford 74 '"         "  565 

36.—     "       '•    Hobkirk's  Hill 76 "          "  575 

37. —     "       "   Eutaw  Springs 78 "         "  582 

38. — Operations  in  Chesapeake  Bay 80 '  59° 

39. — La  Fayette  in  Virginia 82 "         "  616 

40. — Benedict  Arnold  at  New  London.    84 '  629 

41. — Siege  of  Yorktown 86 "         "  645 

42. — Summary  of  Events. ...  t ,,      88 


geographical  features  of  the  theatre  of  war  define  its  critical 
and  strategic  elements.  General  Howe  expressed  his  estimate 
of  the  impending  struggle  when  he  succreded  Gage,  October 
loth,  1774,  by  assuming  command '' in  all  the  Atlantic  Colonies,  from 
Nova  Scotia  to  West  Florida,  inclusive." 

Lord  Dartmouth  had  previously  advised  that  New  York  be  made 
the  base  of  British  operations,  at  the  expense  of  abandoning  Massachu- 
setts ;  and  when  Washington  assumed  command  of  the  American  army 
before  Boston,  July  3d,  1775,  he  urged  forward  the  siege  and  all  other 
operations,  with  view  to  the  earl:est  practicable  occupation  of  New 
York.  Reference  to  the  map  explains  their  purpose. 

From  the  usual  formation  of  armies  by  right,  centre  and  left 
divisions,  there  is  derived  an  analogous  g  ©graphical  separation  into 
right,  centre  and  left  zones,  or  belts,  of  operation.  Thus,  from  New 
York  as  a  base,  there  is  developed,  as  the  right  zone,  New  England, 
which  could  be  completely  isolated  from  the  centre  (New  Jersey  and 
Pennsylvania)  whenever  the  force  at  New  York  had  naval  control  of 
Hudson  river  and  Long  Island  sound. 

The  adequate  occupation  of  Chesapeake  bay,  by  a  force  from  New 
York,  would  alike  isolate  the  South  from  the  centre,  and  prevent  inter- 
support.  This  was  true  British  policy 

A  wise  counter  strategy,  devolved  upon  the  American  commander 
the  necessity  of  holding  the  central  zone,  so  firmly,  as  to  threaten  New 
York,  support  the  other  zones,  and  thwart  all  efforts,  permanently  to 
isolate,  and  thereby  conquer  in  detail,  New  England  and  the  South. 
His  location  amid  the  fastnesses  of  New  Jersey,  except  while  at  Valley 
Forge,  when  Howe  held  Philadelphia  in  force,  as  an  advanced  base,  and 
the  garrison  of  New  York  was  too  feeble  for  offensive  action,  enabled 
him  so  well  to  fulfill  the  best  strategic  conditions  of  ultimate  success, 
that  New  England  was  abandoned  by  Clinton,  New  York  imperilled, 
and  Yorktown  was  captured.  Incursions  and  depredations  only  irri- 
tated the  people. 

A  classification  by  teachers  and  pupils,  of  the  events  of  the  war,  by 
their  relations  to  these  zones  and  their  effect  in  separating,  or  associa- 
ting the  different  sections,  in  opposition  to  Great  Britain,  will  insure  a 
fair  basis  for  a  judgment  upon  the  character  of  the  soldiers  of  that 
war. 

The  substantial  unity  of  the  colonies  in  their  assertion  of  inde- 
pendence, coupled  with  the  fact  that,  when  Boston  was  evacuated,  there 
remained  no  effective  British  garrison  upon  Colonial  soil,  requires  that 
the  war  be  considered  as  one  between  two  independent  States,  and  that 
the  aggressiveness  of  Great  Britain  be  treated  as  an  invasion,  for  con- 
quest. 


JUNE  i/th,  1775 


Ammrnu 


PUTNAM  PRESCOTT 

Strength,    1,400.     Casualties,  449. 


STARK 


NOTES. — The  spirited  skirmishes  at  Lexington  and  Concord,  April  igth,  encouraged  the  "  Massa- 
chusetts Committee  of  Safety"  and  the  "  Council  of  war"  to  seize  the  heights  behind  Charlestown, 
and  thus  anticipate  a  like  movement  proposed  by  the  British  for  June  i8th.  The  troops  organized  at 
Cambridge,  just  after  sunset,  June  t6th,  and  moved  under  their  commander,  Col.  PRESCOTT,  for 
Bunker  Hill ;  but,  by  advice  of  Engineer  Gridley,  Breeds  Hill  was  substituted  as  more  eligible  for 
resisting  a  British  landing.  PUTNAM  accompanied  the  expedition,  returned  to  headquarters  in  the 
morning  for  reinforcements,  regained  the  peninsula,  with  STARK,  and  was  conspicuously  active  in 
encouraging  the  troops  during  the  day.  Stark  held  the  left,  supplementing  what  was  defective  near 
the  Mystic,  while  Prescott  fought  at  the  redoubt.  A  small  trench  had  been  begun,  eastward  from 
the  entrance,  to  be  returned  northward  and  join  the  main  line.  The  presence  of  a  small  pond  seemed 
partially  to  protect  that  flank,  and  there  was  no  time  for  more  elaborate  entrenchments. 


PIGOTT 


CLINTON  HOWE 

Strength,  3,800.     Casualties,    1,054. 


NOTES. — The  British  landed  at  Moulton's  Point,  and  formed  on  Morton's  Hill. 

The  first  advance,  at  three  o'clock  P.  M.,  was  promptly  repulsed.  The  artillery  was  of  little- 
tervice,  having  been  carelessly  supplied  with  balls  of  larger  calibre  than  the  guns.  The  38th  Regi- 
ment, upon  their  repulse,  took  lodgment  behind  a  stone  wall.  Reinforced  by  the  5th  Regiment,  Gen- 
Pigott  again  approached  the  redoubt,  but  again  the  whole  line  is  repulsed,  and  his  division  reforms  under 
cover  of  a  lower  ridge  of  Breeds  Hill.  Charlestown  is  in  flames.  Clinton  and  Burgoyne  cross  over  and 
take  part  in  the  action.  The  47th  Regiment  and  marines,  freshly  arrived,  unite  with  the  43d  and  j2d 
to  support  the  sth  and  38th  in  a  combined  attack  upon  the  redoubt,  while  the  grenadiers,  light  infantry 
and  artillery,  complete  the  general  line  of  advance.  Howe  turns  two  available  guns  upon  the  entrance 
to  the  redoubt.  The  Americans,  now  being  without  ammunition,  retreat.  Putnam  attempted  to 
provide  a  rallying  place  on  Bunker  Hill,  but  found  it  impracticable. 

Gen.  Warren,  present  as  a  volunteer,  was  killed  near  the  entrance  of  the  redoubt,  and  each  army 
engaged   lost  nearly  a  third  of  its  force. 

MEM. —  The  British  landing  should  have  been  made  from  tkt  Mystic,  in  rear  o_f  Bunker 
Hill^or  from  tke  isthmus,  under  cover  i>  f  the  jfteet. 


CARRINGTON'S  "  BATTLKS  OF  THE  AMERICAN  REVOLUTION,"  pp.  92-117. 

School  iUjatorwjs: 

Anderson,  ^  20  ;  p.  70.  Holmes,  T  8  ;  p.  m.  Swinton,  ^  79-84  ;  p.  120-1. 

Barnes,  T  3  ;  p.  108.  Lossing,  T  10-14  ',  P-  i-3*-3-  Scott,  ^  5-8  ;  p.  161-3. 

Berard  (Bush),  T  41-42  ;  p.  143-4.        Quackenbos,T 294-7;  p.  209-12.      Thalheimer  (Eclectic),  T   239-4; 
Goodrich,  C.  A.  (Seaveys),  ^  9;  p.  1 15.  Ridpath,  T  8-12 ;  pp.  189-90.  p.  134-5. 

Goodrich,  S.  G.,  ^  4-15  ;  pp.  193-4.      Sadlier  (Excel),^  i6-i8;p.  17-980  Venable,  ^  123  ;  p.  96. 
Hassard,  ^  10-15;  P-  'S?"02-  Stephens,  A.  H.,  ^3  ;  p.  173-4. 


THE 

BATTLE  OF  BKEEDS  HILL, 
OK 

BUNKER  HILL. 


Compiled  and  Dnnrn'bj-  Col.  Carrington. 


I  British 
{American 


Scale  of  20  Kod§. 
10  40  60  80 


112* 


DECEMBER  30,  1775 


MONTGOMERY  ARNOLD 

Strength,  1,300.     Casualties,  750. 

NOTES.— ARNOLD  left  Cambridge  Sept.  ijth,  sailed  from  Newport  Sept.  ipth,  entered  the  Ken- 
nebec  River  Sept.  aoth,  sent  scouts  to  Dead  River  and  Lake  Megantic  (see  map  i),  and  advanced  Morgan's 
riflemen  on  the  23d.  This  command  of  1,100  men,  with  rations  for  45  days,  was  expected  to  make  the 
march  to  St.  Lawrence  River  in  20  days.  Storms,  swamps,  thickets,  freezes,  hunger  and  desertions 
reduced  the  number  one  fourth,  and  Point  Levi  was  not  reached  by  the  survivors  until  Dec.  Qth.  On 
the  isth,  at  night,  750  men  crossed  in  birch  bark  canoes,  but  daylight  having  revealed  the  movement, 
the  residue,  with  ladders  already  prepared  for  storming  purposes,  was  left  behind.  Arnold  picketed 
the  roads  from  Lorette,  St.  Foy  and  Three  Rivers,  to  cut  off  supplies  for  Quebec ;  but  finding  that 
the  garrison  had  been  strengthened  during  his  protracted  march,  he  retired  to  Point  Aux  Trembles  on 
the  igth,  to  await  the  arrival  of  Montgomery. 

MONTGOMERY  succeeded  Schuyler  (sick)  in  command  of  a  second  expedition,  organized  at 
Ticonderoga  to  invade  Canada  •via.  Montreal,  captured  that  city  November  i2th,  left  Wooster  in 
command,  and  joined  Arnold  about  Dec.  ist.  Advancing  through  snow  drifts  ten  feet  deep,  he 
quartered  his  men  in  houses  of  the  suburb  of  St.  Roche,  on  the  Charles  River,  before  dark,  Dec.  5th. 
On  the  6th  he  demanded  the  surrender  of  Quebec,  but  received  no  reply.  On  the  gth  a  battery  of  six 
guns  and  two  mortars  was  planted  before  St.  John's  gate.  The  hard  frozen  ground  and  extreme  cold 
rendered  regular  approaches  impracticable,  and  the  small  calibre  of  the  guns  rendered  them  useless 
for  breaching  purposes.  On  the  i6th  an  assault  was  planned.  On  the  night  of  the  3oth  one 
column  demonstrated  against  St.  John's  and  St.  Louis'  gates  ;  one  column  against  Cape  Diamond 
bastion,  while  one,  under  Montgomery,  toward  Kings  Yard,  beneath  Cape  Diamond,  and  a  fourth 
under  Arnold,  through  the  lower  town,  by  Porte  de  Palais,  made  the  chief  attacks.  Premature 
signals  alarmed  the  garrison,  and  in  spite  of  desperate  valor,  both  assaults  failed.  Montgomery, 
McPherson,  Cheeseman  and  ten  others  were  killed  by  one  discharge  of  grapeshot.  Arnold  was 
wounded,  and  Morgan,  who  accompanied  him,  was  taken  prisoner  with  426  officers  and  men.  Arnold 
retreated,  and  the  siege  was  practically  abandoned  until  spring. 

SIR  GUY  CARLETON,  Governor  of  Canada,  distinguished  himself  by  kindness  to  the  pris- 
oners. He  had  withdrawn  from  Montreal  in  safety,  at  the  attack  of  Montgomery,  reached  Point  Aux 
Trembles  the  same  day  as  Arnold,  just  missing  him,  and  by  his  arrival  increased  the  garrison  of 
Quebec  to  about  2,000  men.  Two  hundred  guns  defended  the  works. 

MEM. — Of  the  brave  men  in  the  assault^  the  follo-Mtng  deserve  notice:  MEIGS  and  FEBIGER 
stormed  Stony  Point  with  Wayne  ;  Col.  GREEN  defended  Red  Bank;  THAYER/ow^4/  at  Fort 
Mifflin  ;  LAMB  at  Fart  Montgomery  and  Yorktown  :  OSW  ALD  at  Monmouth,  and  PORTER- 
FIELD  at  Camden.  STEVENS  at  Ticonderoga,  Saratoga  and  Yorktown. 


<  ARRINGTON'S  "  BATTLES  OF  THK  AMKKK  AN  REVOLUTION,"  pp.   121-137. 


Anderson,  T  25  ;  p.  72.  Holmes,  T  n  ;  p.  113.  Swinton,  T  94  ;  p.  124. 

Barnes,  ^  2  ;  p.  112.  Lossing,  ^  21-2  ;  p.  137.  Scott,  ^  14  ;  p.  165. 

Berard(Bush),  ^  48-9;  pp.  146-7.  Quackenbos,  ^  302  ;  p.  216.        Thalheimer  (Eclectic),  1  246-7  ; 

Goodrich,  C.A.  (Seaveys),  ^  14,  P-  "7.  Ridpath,  ^  19  ;  p.  191.  p.  137-8, 

Goodrich,  S.  G.,  ^  8  ;  p.  200.  Sadlier  (Excel),  ^  21  ;  p.  180.    Venable,  t  126  ;  p.  98. 

Hassard,  ^  5  ;  p.  164.  Stephens,  A.  H.,  ^  10  ;  p.  177. 


138* 


FROM  JUNE  aoth,  1775  ro  MARCH  i7th,  1776 


American 


WASHINGTON 

WARD,    LEE,    PUTNAM,    GREENE,   SULLIVAN,    THOMAS, 
R.   PUTNAM,     MIFFLIN. 

Strength,  23.372      Casualties  30 


tfrttt&h  Cmttmattfcer* 

HOWE 

PIGOTT  BURGOYNE  CLINTON 

Strength,  9,147      Casualties,  Nominal 

NOTES.— Immediately  after  the  action  at  Breeds  Hill,  Putnam  fortified  Ploughed  Hill  and 
Prospect  Hill,  so  effectually,  that no  successful  sortie  was  made  across  the  isthmus,  hy  the  British 
force  on  Charlestown  Heights. 

The  position  of  the  American  divisions  appears  from  the  map.  Th :  environment  was  complete. 
During  the  winter,  Washington  waited,  in  vain,  for  such  thickness  of  ice  as  would  enable  him  to  cross 
and  attempt  the  city  by  assault.  The  strategy,  which  was  finally  successful,  commanded  universal 
praise  from  contemporary  soldiers. 

After  sunset,  March  ist,  and  again  during  the  entire  night  of  March  4th.  all  batteries  within  prac- 
tical range,  opened  fire  upon  the  city,  and  with  such  effect  as  to  compel  the  garrison  to  keep  under 
cover.  By  daylight  of  March  sth,  two  redoubts  crowned  Dorchester  Heights.  Generals  Greene  and 
Sullivan  were  in  position  at  Fort  No.  2.  near  Putnam's  headquarters,  to  resist  any  attack,  in  case  the 
British  discovered  the  proposed  movement  before  its  execution.  Eight  hundred  picked  men,  well 
armed,  and  a  working  party  of  twelve  hundred,  marched  silently,  under  command  of  General  Thomas. 
Three  hundred  carts,  with  picks,  tools  and  fascines,  had  been  provided  by  Quartermaster  Mifflin,  who 
had  been  in  Washington's  confidence,  during  preparation  for  the  movement.  Rufus  Putnam  acted  as 
Chief  Engineer. 

The  British  made  one  effort  to  dislodge  the  Americans  from  the  Heights,  but  their  boats  were 
dispersed  by  a  storm,  and  the  attempt  was  nut  repeated. 

By  March  ioth,  the  Americans  had  fortified  Nook's  Hill,  and  during  that  night,  eight  hundred 
shot  and  shell  were  thrown  into  the  city. 

On  i he  i7th  General  Howe  evacuated.  and  on  the  20th  General  Washington  entered  Boston. 


CARRIN<;TON'S  "  BATTLKS  OF   THE  AMERICAN  REVOU  TION.  "  pp.   146-154. 

School  iU.storico : 

Anderson,  ^  28  ;  p.  73.  Holmes,  ^  14  ;  p.  114.  Swinton,  T  97-8  ;  p.  124-6. 

Barnes,  ^  3  ;  p.  112.  Lossing,  ^  13  ;  p.  140.  Scott,  ^  2-5  ;  p.  167. 

Berard  (Bush),  1  53 ;  p.  148.  Quacke"nbos,  f  307  ;  p.  219.         Thalheimer  (Eclectic),  ^  248  : 
Goodrich, C.  A. (Seaveys)^  16;  p.  117.      Ridpath,  ^  3-5  ;  p.  193.  p.  13?. 

Goodrich,  S.  G.,  1  7-8  ;  p.  204-5.  Sadlier  (Excel.),  ^  25  ;  p.  182.     Venable,  1  127  ;  p.  98. 

Hassard,  ^  12-13;  P-  '67.  Stephens,  A.  H.,  ^13;  p.  172. 


in 


FROM  SEPT.  1755,  TO  J  ULY    1776 


American 


Schuyler,  Montgomery,  Wooster,    Thomas, 

Sullivan 

ARNOLD,  J.  &  H.  B.  LIVINGSTON,  WAYNE,  Col.  GREEN,  OSWALD, 

MORGAN,  WARNER,  IRVINE,  PORTERFIELD,  ALLEN, 

THAYER,  THOMPSON 


CARLZTON  BURGOYNE 

PHILLIPS,  RIEDESEL,  PRESCOTT,  ERASER,  NESBIT,  McLEAN 

NOTBS.  The  Canada  campaign  was  based  upon  the  theory  that  the  people  of  that  country  were  fully 
in  earnest  to  resist  the  enforcement  of  certain  Acts  of  Parliament,  which  were  reported  to  be  as  offensive, 
in  practical  application,  as  those  which  irritated  the  other  colonies.  The  garrisons  at  Montreal  and 
Quebec  were  known  to  be  small,  and  the  acquisition  of  Canada  would  leave  no  independent  land  base 
for  British  operations  on  the  continent.  The  people  of  Canada  did  not  respond,  in  force.  The  expe- 
ditions were  too  feeble  to  command  their  respect,  or  act  independently,  and  the  season  of  the  year  was 
exceedingly  unpropitious  for  field  service. 

Governor  Carleton  had  moved  southward  to  St.  Johns,  intending  to  secure  Ticonderogaand  Crown 
Point,  which  had  been  seized  by  Allen  and  Warner  on  the  loth,  and  i2th  of  May.  Schuyler  was 
entrusted  with  command  of  the  column  against  Montreal.  It  reached  Isle  La  Motte  ^ept.  3d,  Isle 
Aux  Noix  Sept.  4th.  and  embarked  for  St  Johns  Sept.  6th.  Montgomery  at  once  succeeded  to  the 
command,  as  Schuyler  was  compelled  to  return  to  Ticonderoga  on  account  of  sickness.  October  i8th, 
Livingston  (James)  and  Major  Brown,  with  a  local  force,  seized  Chambly,  and  large  supplies.  General 
Wooster  then  joined  Montgomery,  and,  after  a  siege  of  fifty  days,  captured  St.  Johns,  Nov.  3d,  and 
600  prisoners,  Andre  among  the  number.  Nov.  I2th,  Montgomery  occupied  Montreal,  and  Carleton 
retired  to  Quebec.  On  the  ist  of  April,  1776,  Wooster  assumed  command  in  Canada,  and  attempted 
to  reduce  Quebec.  Arnold  injured  his  woun'ded  limb  by  a  fall  from  his  horse,  and  returned  to  Mon- 
treal with  Wooster,  who  took  a  sick  leave,  while  Thomas  took  command.  On  May  ist,  Carleton  made 
a  prompt  sortie,  in  force,  and  the  American  army,  after  much  loss,  retreated  to  Dechambault,  58  miles 
below  Montreal,  and  on  the  ad  of  June  reached  Sorel.  Here  General  Thomas  died,  and  Sullivan  took 
command  on  the  6th.  The  battle  of  the  Cedars,  near  Montreal,  had  already  been  disastrous  to 
American  prestige  in  that  vicinity.  On  the  ist  of  June,  the  British  army  in  Canada  had  been  increased 
to  0,984  effective  men,  and  General  Fraser  advanced  nearly  to  Three  Rivers,  to  take  the  offensive. 
Sullivan,  underestimating  Eraser's  force,  reinforced  St.  Clair,  who  was  at  Nicholet,  with  800  men,  by 
sending  Wayne,  Maxwell  and  Irvine,  under  General  Thompson,  down  the  river  and  through  Lake  St. 
Peters,  to  attack  the  British  column.  They  effected  a  landing  at  Cape  Aux  Lac,  but  not  undiscovered, 
and  left  Thompson,  Irvine  and  150  other  prisoners  with  the  enemy. 

The  British  ships  ascended  the  river,  and  on  the  I4th  of  June,  Sullivan  withdrew  his  army,  already 
demoralized  and  enfeebled  by  the  scourge  of  smallpox,  reaching  St.  Johns  on  the  i8th  of  June,  and 
Crown  Point  early  in  July.  Arnold  remained  at  Montreal  with  300  men,  until  the_ British  fleet  hove  in 
sight.  The  British  army,  under  Burgoyne,  re-occupied  St.  Johns,  and  the  Canadian  campaign,  which 
had  cost  over  5,000  men,  and  so  persistently  depleted  the  army  which  Washington  needed  at  New  York, 
came  to  an  end. 


CARRINGTON'S  "BATTLES  OF  THE  AMERICAN  REVOLUTION,"  pp.  92-117. 


Anderson,  1  26  ;  p.  72.  Holmes,  ^  9  ;  p.  112.  Swinton,  ^  93-5  ;  p.  123-4. 

Barnes,  ^  4  ;  p.  in.  Lossing,  ^  10-22  :  p.  136-7.  Scott,  ^  12-16  ;  p.  164-5. 

Berard  (Bush),  T  47-52  ;  p.  146-7.          Quackenbos,  ^  290-303;  p.  214-17.  Thalheimer(Eclectic\  T  246-7  : 
Goodrich,  C.  A.  (Seaveys),^  13;  p.  117.  Ridpath,  ^  17-20;  p.  191-2.  p.  137-8. 

Goodrich,  S.  G.,  T  i-io  ;  p.  201-2.         Sadlier,  (Excel),  *f  20  ;  p.  180.        Venable,  T  126  ;  p.  98. 
Hassard,  ^  2-6  ;  p.  163-4.  Stephens,  A.H.  ^  7-13;  p.  174-6. 


Compiled  and Draun  by  Col.  (arrittq/en 


170* 


AUGUST    27,  .1776 


American 

SULLIVAN  PUTNAM  STIRLING 

Strength,  9,380       Casualties,  997 

NOTES.— Americans  entrench  on  Brooklyn  Heights,  from  Wallabout  Bay  to  Gowanus  Bay.  Righ 
iving,  under  Stirling,  is  advanced  along  the  harbor  road,  on  shortest  line  of  British  approach.  The 
centre,  under  Sullivan,  is  at  Prospect  Hill  (now  Prospect  Park),  to  oppose  British  advance  -via.  Flat- 
bush.  The  left^  toward  Jamaica,  is  unprotected  and  only  negligently  patrolled. 


CORNWALLIS  HOWE,  CLINTON 

DONOP  DeHEISTER  PERCY 

Strength,  20,500     Casualties,  400 

NOTES. — British,  in  force  under  Grant,  press  Stirling  back,  after  a  sharp  action,  near  present 
Greenwood  Cemetery.  De  Heister  threatens  Sullivan  from  Flatbush.  The  main  army,  under  Howe, 
Clinton,  Cornwallis  and  Percy,  turns  the  unprotected  American  left  flank,  takes  Sullivan  and  Stirling 
in  the  rear,  and  captures  both.  British  entrench  ;  neglect  to  assault  the  works,  and  the  American  army 
retreats  to  New  York,  Aug.  29,  without  loss,  under  cover  of  night  and  a  dense  fog. 

MEM. —  Tke  examination  of  British  and  American  Archives  clearly  shows  the  fact  that  the 
American  loss  in  prisoners  has  been  greatly  over-estimated.  The  American  force  at  Brooklyn 
has  been  under-estimated ;  but  these  disparities  are  accounted  for  by  careful  study  of  the 
"  Official  Returns."  The  statement  that  many  of  Stirling*  division  were  drowned  in  Gowanus 
Bay^  is  confronted  by  these  Returns. 


CARRINGTON'S  "BATTLES  OF  THE  AMERICAN  REVOLUTION,"  pp.  198-213 


Anderson,  T  33-4  ;  p.  75.  Holmes,  1  20  ;  p.  119.  Swinton,^  112-14  I  P-  "8- 

Barnes,  ^  3;  p.  114.  Lossing,  ^  14  ;  p.  135.  Scott,  ^  8-g  ;  p.  i7o»i. 

Berard  (Bush),  T  60-62  ;  p.  151-2.        Quackenbos,^3u-i6;  p.  224-27.    Thalheimer  (Eclectic),  1  239-4 
Goodrich,  C.  A.  (Seaveys),^  4;  p.  120.  Ridpath,  T  7-12  ;  pp.  188-90.  p.  134-5. 

Goodrich,  S.  G.,  ^  3-6  ;  pp.  211-212.     Sadlier(Excel),^2;  p.i84  Venable,  T  134  ;  p.  tox. 

Hassard,  1  5-8;  p.  176-7.  Stephens,  A.  H.,  ^  4-7  ;  p.  193. 


1 6 


C'ampi/edaatLDnam  ly  (bL  (arnnpfort- 


214* 


NOTES. 

NOTE  I. — Clinton  lands  at  Ripp's  Bay,  September  isth,  under  cover  of  ships  of  war,  indicated  on 
map,  and  disperses  the  brigades  of  Parsons  and  Fellows,  which  Washington  attempts,  in  vain,  to 
rally.  Three  ships  of  war  ascend  the  Hudson  to  Bloomingdale,  to  cut  off  retreat  from  New  York. 
(Map  i.) 

NOTK  II. — Howe  sends  troops  to  Buchanan  Island  (now  -Ward's),  and  Montressor  Island  (now 
Randall's)  ;  also,  beyond  Flushing,  to  control  outlet  to  Long  Island  Sound. 

NOTE  III.— Howe  encounters  Washington,  near  HARLEM  HEIGHTS,  Sept.  i6th,  greatly  to 
the  credit  of  the  Americans. 

NOTK  IV.— The  British  army,  at  Staten  Island,  Aug.  «7th,  numbered  31,625  men.  The  American 
Army  Return  of  Oct.  6;h,  gives  a  total,  rank  and  file,  of  25,735  ;  absent,  sick  or  on  furlough,  8,075. 
Needed  to  complete  regiments,  11,271.  Knox's  artillery  numbered  580,  and  Backus'  light  horse  158. 
Some  regiments  made  no  returns. 

NOTE  V. — Washington  retired  from  Harlem  to  the  main  land  ;  left  a  garrison  at  Fort  Washington  ; 
moved  along  the  west  side  of  the  Bronx  toward  White  Plains,  to  protect  his  supply  depot,  keep  his 
communication  with  New  England,  and  foil  the  plan  of  Howe  to  shut  him  up  between  the  East  River 
and  the  Hudson. 

NOTE  VI.— Howe  leaves  Percy  at  McGowan's  Pass,  lands  at  Throgg's  Neck  ;  finds  the  passage  to 
the  main  land  well  guarded ;  reembarks ;  lands  at  Pell's  Point ;  on  the  i6th  and  I7th,  has  a  skirmish 
beyond  East  Chester,  at  a  stone  fence ;  passes  New  Rochelle  on  the  2ist,  and  goes  into  camp. 

NOTE  VII. — On  the  22d,  Knyphausen,  having  arrived  from  Europe,  lands  at  Meyer's  Point ; 
protects  Howe's  base,  and  moves  toward  Fort  Washington  on  the  28th,  on  which  date  Howe  gains 
a  position  at  White  Plains. 

NOTE  VIII. — Chatterton  Hill,  which  commanded  Howe's  camp,  as  well  as  White  Plains,  and 
was  occupied  by  McDougall  and  two  guns  of  Capt.  Alexander  Hamilton,  is  stormed  by  Leslie  and 
Rahl  on  the  2gth.  British  casualties,  231.  American  casualties,  130. 

NOTE  IX. — Howe  waits  for  reinforcements  ;  loses  one  day,  through  a  storm,  and  Washington 
retiring,  attains  a  strong  position  on  North  Castle  Heights.  Howe.,  thus  foiled,  crosses  to  the 
Hudson  River,  at  Dobbs  Ferry,  to  operate  against  Fort  Washington. 

NOTE  X.— The  fight  at  Chatterton  Hill  is  generally  known  as  the  "  Battle  of  White  Plains," 
at  which  place  there  was  no  actual  collision  between  the  armies. 


CARRINGTON'S  "BATTLES  OF  THE  AMERICAN  REVOLUTION,"  pp.  228-234 
CARRINGTON'S  BATTLES  ;  for  other  Details,  pp.  214-242 


Anderson,  5  35  ;  p.  75.  Holmes,  ^  21  ;  p.  119.  Swinton,  T  115  ;  p.  128. 

Barnes,  1  i  ;  p.  116.  Lossing,  ^  18  ;  p.  146.  Scott,  ^  12  ;  p.  171. 

Berard  (Bush),  ^  63  ;  p.  153.  Quackenbos,^  319;  p.  229.  Thalheimer  (Eclectic),  t   254-6  ! 

Goodrich,  C.  A.  (Seaveys),  Is;  p.iai.  Ridpath,  T  21  ;  p.  197.  p.  145-6. 

Goodrich,  S.  G.,  ^  i  ;  p  213.  Sadlier(Excel),54;  P.i87.  Venable  1  135  ;  p.  102. 

Hassard,  ^  9;  p.  178.  Stephens,  A.  H.,  1  9  ;  p.  193. 


CARRINGTON'S  "  BATTLES  OF  THE  AMERICAN  REVOLUTION,"  (White  Plains,)  pp.  234-242. 

18 


nf  ^att  pta**Itttt0tmt 


NOVEMBER  i6th,  1776 


MAGAW 

RAWLINGS  CADWALLADER  BAXTEP          MILLER 

Strength,  2,764      Casualties   130      Surrendered,  2  634 

NOTE. — Cadwalladcr  was  advanced  southward  to  the  old  field-works  near  the  Morris  House,  to 
resist  British  approach  from  New  York.  Baxter  and  Miller  occupied  Laurel  Hill  and  the  site  of 
Fort  George,  overlooking  Harlem  River,  to  prevent  the  crossing  of  troops  which  approached  from 
the  direction  of  William's  Bridge,  on  the  east  bank  of  that  river. 

Rawlings  was  on  the  Hudson  River  ridge,  or  bluff,  northward,  toward  Kingsbridge.  Fort  Tryon 
and  Cock  Hill  Fort  were  small,  advanced  works,  in  the  same  direction,  but  designed  chiefly  to 
command  the  Hudson  River.  Fort  Washington  itself,  except  the  small  redoubt,  was  open  eastward, 
and  unprotected  from  artillery,  which  might  be  used  from  Laurel  Hill. 


CORNWALLIS  HOWE  CLINTON 

KNYPHAUSEN        MATTHEWS        RAHL        PERCY       STERLING 

Strength,  9,000      Casualties,  454 

Norm. — One  British  column  ascended  the  Harlem  River,  practically  gained  the  rear  of  the  work* 
held  by  Cadwallader,  and  compelled  him  to  retreat,  with  the  loss  of  170  men  taken  prisoners. 
Knyphausen  and  Rahl  crossed  at  King's  Bridge,  took  the  two  small  out-works  in  succession,  followed 
the  Hudson  River  Heights,  and  thus  were  in  the  rear  of  Laurel  Hill,  making  it  untenable.  This  force 
had  been  augmented  by  troops  which  ascended  the  Hudson  in  thirty  flat  boats,  and  eluded  the  vigi- 
lance of  Gen.  Greene,  then  at  Fort  Lee,  and  Col.  Magaw,  and  landed  at  Spuyten  Duyvel  Creek  on 
the  night  of  NOT.  i4th.  The  landing  from  the  Harlem  River,  eastward,  was  resisted  with  vigor. 
Baxter  and  Miller  fell.  Rawlings  was  wounded  in  the  attack  from  the  North. 

A  general  assault  compelled  surrender.  In  storming  the  rear  ascent,  eastward,  which  was  already 
commanded  by  guns  placed  in  position  on  Laurel  Hill,  the  Hessian  regiments  of  Rahl.  Donop, 
Losberg,  Stein.  Nesseaback  and  Dittforth  lost  336  men.  The  great  loss  in  tents  and  heavy  guns 
was  severely  felt  by  the  American  army. 

MEM. —  This  Fort  did  not  prevent  the  passage  of  ships  of  war  up  the  Hudson,  as  had  been  expect- 
ed, and  its  loss,  except  in  men  and  materials  of  war,  did  not  permanently  injure  the  A  merican 
cause.  Its  possession  by  the  British,  as  an  outpost  of  New  York,  continually  required  a  garrison, 
and  the  Americans  maintained  communication  with  New  England,  through  forts  higher  up  the 
Hudson.  The  few  incursions  to  Westchester  had  little  effect  on  the  war. 


Inference* : 


CARRINGTON'S  "BATTLES  OF  THE  AMERICAN  REVOLUTION,"  pp.  242-254. 
j&chool  Historic.*: 

Anderson,  ^  36 ;  p.  76.  Holmes,  ^  22  ;  p.  120.  Swinton,  ^  116  ;  p.  129. 

Barnes,  ^  i  ;  p.  116.  Lossing,  ^  20 :  p.  147.  Scott,  ^  14  ;  p.  172. 

Berard  (Bush;,  ^  66 ;  p.  154.  Quackenbos,  ^  333;  p.  231.  Thalheimer(Eclectic),  1  256  ; 

Goodrich,  C.  A. (Seaveys*,^  6;  p.  121.     Ridpath,  ^  23  ;  p.  198.  p.  146-7. 

Goodrich,  S.  G.,  ^  4-5  ;  p.  213.  Sadlier,  (Excel),  ^  4  ;  p.  187.  Venable,  T  136 ;  p.  103. 

Hassard.  ^  4  ;  p.  181.  Stephens,  A.H.  f  10;  p.  194. 


Com/tiled,  a/iet  Drawn  fyCot  Curri nylon 


American. 
British . 
Hessians. 


A.  First  attack  under  Gen  IXny/thaiisenty 
ttf/afAmf/ifsfrotn  ffessians  offtis  cor/is, 
the  Brigade  af/la-lfa  ani/flrytofWafclri 

tf.  Second  aftaefrty  Uie/'.'tA-^Ba/. 
lalionj  of  Light  In  fan  try  and. 'two Bolt 

•iff.  GenJA/al/Atf^L^, 

tefcsuWoritdfytke/'.'tearrniuqgjK- 

ArfJRUtot 

<re</vutt 

i  **>*! 

fat n  *  *-•  •!*•  ~tt** '»  -  -#*•-• *  jdA. •i^Ttllll  1\ 


C  .  TJiir 


T).  four/A  affacAr  iy 
of  British  and  on*  of/fej 
wuterfarl  ferry  ~" 

ac.  a.  a.a.  fa 

forWinter  -Quarters  yf  America. 

4rmy  turned  u/ian  (uirastce  of 


254* 


The 

Srttttmt 

The 

Blanch 

itnb 

great 

which 

Uttittittt 

Soldiers, 

traversed 
and 

&         **»* 

Statesmen 
and 

NOTES. 

saved 
Bew  Jerseu, 
was 
planned 
and 
executed, 
with 
Supreme 
Faith 
in 
Success, 

NOTE.  —  General  Charles  Lee  kept  back  his  division  of 
troops,  for  selfish  ends,  although  repeatedly  ordered  to 
join  Washington,  and  thus  crippled  his  superior  officer  in 
his  movements. 

Writers 
0f 
the 
®ld 
World, 
paid 
Tribute 

this 
great 
Strike 

NOTE  2.  —  Washington  moved  from  Newtown,  Decem- 
ber 25th,  to  Taylorsville,  9  miles  above  Trenton,  with 
2,400  men,  where  he  formed  his  two  columns  for  the  sur- 
prise of  Rahl. 

">OTE  3.  -General  James  Ewing  was  to  cross  below 
Newtown  with  547  men,  to  sieze  the  bridge  across  the  As- 
sinpink  and  cut  off  retreat  to  the  South. 

NOTE  4.  —  Col.  John  Cadwallader  was  to  cross  at  Bris- 
tol, below  Bordentown,  where  Donop's  Hessians  were 
stationed,  and  co-operate  with  Griffin,  already  East  of  the 
Delaware,  who  was  to  occupy  Donop's  attention  from  the 
North. 

NOTE  5.  —  General   Putnam   was   expected  to   cross   at 
Philadelphia  with  one  thousand  men. 
Disaffection  in  that  City  prevented  him. 

NOTE  6.  —  The  column  of  Washington  alone  effected  a 
timely  crossing.  Donop  abandoned  Bordentown  after 
a  sharp  skirmish  with  Griffin  ;  and  on  the  27th,  Cadwal- 
lader reached  Bordentown  with  i,  800  men  The  ice  pre- 
vented the  landing  of  his  artillery  on  the  26th,  and  he 
abandoned  the  attempt  then  made. 

in  spite  0f 
the 
Treachery 

NOTE  7.  —  The  Map  indicates  the  sub-division  aud 
march  of  Washington's  columns  ;  the  advance  of  Corn- 
wallis  from  Princeton,  January  2d,  1777,  when  he 
crowded  Hand  and  Greene  back  upon  Trenton  ;  also  the 
American  march  of  January  3d,  whereby  Washington  fell 
upon  the  rear  of  the  British  Army,  under  Mawhood,  at 
Princeton. 

the 
American 

01 

general 

grenet.al 

in 

Charles  Lee. 

ghiet 

22 

270* 


of 


DECEMBER  26th,  1776 


Mon 
Rahf 


^mertrutt  Comttiiwte* 

WASHINGTON 

Strength,   2,400     Casualties,  2  killed,  3  wounded 

MEM  —Among  the  wounded  were  Captain,  afterwards  Col.  Washington,  and  Lieut.  James 
tree,  afterwards  President  Monroe.  They  were  wounded  while  capturing  two  guns  in  front  of 
:/'j  Headquarters,  on  King's  St'eet. 


of 


riflemen,  and  the  Virginia  7egimentsWof  *Scott  "and  LawsoiT,  prevented  the  escape  of  many,  along  the 
Assanpink  river. 


tfrttish 


RAHL 

Strength,   1,400     Casualties,  40     Force  surrendered,  1,009 

NOTK.—  Portions  of  Anspach  and  Knyphausen's  regiments,  serving  under  Rahl,  attempted  to  rally, 
east  of  Queen  street,  but  the  lower  town  and  the  bridge  across  the  Assanpink,  had  been  seized  by 
Sullivan,  Stark  and  St.  Clair,  and  surrender  was  inevitable.  The  American  guns  at  the  head  of  King 
and  Queen  streets  commanded  the  situation. 


CARRINGTON'S  "  BATTLES  OF  THE  AMERICAN  REVOLUTION,"  pp.  270-278. 


Anderson,  ^  39  ;  p.  76. 
Barnes,  T  3  ;   p.  117 


Holmes, 
Lossing, 


23  ;  p.  121. 
23  ;  p.  128. 


,  .        .  , 

Berard  (Bush),  T  68;  pp.  154-5.  Quackenbos,  ^  326  ;  p.  233 

Goodrich,  C.  A.  (Seaveys),  1  9.  p.  122.     Ridpath,  ^ 


Goodrich,  S.  G.,1  1-7  ;  p.  216. 
Hassard,  ^  8  ;  p,  183. 


26-7  ;  P-  198-9. 

Sadlier  (Excel),  *f  6  ;  p.  188.      Venab 
Stephens,  A.  H.,  T  13  ;  p.  195. 


Swinton,  1  123  ;  p.  130. 
Scott,  1  18  ;  p.  173. 
Thalheimer  (Eclectic), 


p-  147- 
le,  t  137  ; 


JANUARY  3d,  1777 


WASHINGTON,  then  entrenched  on  the  east  bank  of  the  Assinpink  (Trenton)  river,  leaving  the 
bridge  guarded  and  camp  fires  burning,  made  a  forced  march  to  extricate  his  army  from  an  impending 
conflict  with  Cornwallis,  who  had  hurried  from  Brunswick  on  the  defeat  of  Rahl,  to  attack  the  Ameri- 
can army.  Col.  Mawhood,  commanding  the  British  rear-guard,  had  left  Princeton,  when  he  saw  the 
American  vanguard  under  Mercer  enter  the  town.  He  returned  and  attacked  with  vigor.  Mercer  fell, 
but  the  British  were  repulsed  with  a  loss  of  too  in  killed  and  wounded,  and  230  prisoners.  The  Ameri- 
can casualties  exceeded  100. 

Washington  restored  temporary  confusion  which  occurred  on  the  fall  of  Mercer,  by  personal  ex- 
posure and  great  bravery.  He  gained  a  strong  position  among  the  hills,  in  the  rear  of  Cornwallis,  and 
thereby  forced  the  British  army  back  to  New  Brunswick  and  New  York.  New  Jersey  was,  for  the 
time,  delivered  from  British  control. 


|t  cf  c  vctt  c  c0  : 


CAXEINGTON'S  "BATTLES  OF  THE  AMERICAN  REVOLUTION,"  pp.  284-194. 


Anderson,  ^  43  ;  p.  78. 

Barnes,  5  '  ;  P-  "8. 

Berard  (Bush),  T  82-3  ;  p.  158-9. 

Goodrich,  C.  A.(Seaveys)  ^  to;  p.  123. 

Goodrich,  S.  G.,  ^  1-7  ;  p.  217-18. 

Hassard,  ^  n  ;  p.  183. 


Holmes,  T  i  ;  p.  123. 
Lossing,  ^  5  ;  p.  151 
Quackenbos,  ^  327  ;  p.  234-5. 
Ridpath,  ^  1-4  ;  p.  201. 
Sadlier  (Excel.),  T  8  ;  p.  188. 
Stephens,  A.  H.,  ^  15 ;  p.  196. 

24 


Swinton,  ^  124  ;  p.  130. 
Scott,  ^  2  ;  p.  179. 
Thalheimer  (Eclectic),  1"  260  ; 

p.  147-8. 
Venable,  ^  137  ;  p.  105. 


Compiled axi/lfrtiitKlw  Pol.  Oarrargtoru 


278* 


GREENE  WASHINGTON  SULLIVAN 

LAFAYETTE,     LEE,     STIRLING,     MAXWELL 


MEM.— AVw'  "Jersey  wan  the  strategic  tattle-ground  of  the  war,  and  was  more  generally  over 
in  ov  the  British  army  than  any  other  Colony,  except  South   Carolina. 


British  dmtutontoi:* 

CLINTON  HOWE  CORNWALLIS 

KNYPHAUSEN,     GRANT,     DONOP,     RAHL 


NOTE.— The  following  places  are  identified  with  military  operations  : 


Fort  Lee, 
Hackensack, 

Morristown, 
Middlehrook, 

Metuchen, 
Newark, 

Westfield, 
Woodbridge, 

New  Brunswick, 

Mt.  Holly, 

Piscataway, 

Allentown, 

Trenton, 

Imlaystown, 

Quibbletown, 

Springfield, 

Princeton, 

Plainfield, 

Samptown, 

Scotch  Plains, 

Bound  Brook, 

Chatham, 

Millmgton, 

Bonhampton, 

Cranbury, 

Somerset  C.  H., 

Sandtown, 

Middletown, 

Bordentown, 

Hightstown. 

Crosswicks, 

Rahway, 

Burlington, 

Dumbarton, 

Monmouth, 

South  Amboy, 

Baskinridge, 

Pennington, 

Haddenfield, 

Perth  Amboy, 

Kingston, 

Elizabeth, 

Red  Bank, 

Billingsport, 

Maidenhead, 

Hillsborough, 

Englishtown, 

Middlebrook. 

Pluckamen, 

Gloucester, 

Summerville, 

Paulus  Hook. 

The  issue  between  Washington  and  Howe  was  one  of  careful 
by  Howe's  failure  to  entangle  Washington   in  any  action  which 

strategy.     This  was  solved,  in  1777, 
imperilled  American  liberty.     The 

On  the  tith  of  June,  1777,  Howe  inarched  from  Brunswick  to  Princeton  with  17,000  men.  Corn- 
wallis,  with  the  right  column,  was  directed  to  Hillsborough,  and  De  Heister  to  Middlebrook,  turning 
off  from  the  Princeton  Road,  and  the  line  was  definitely  prolonged  to  Somerset  Court  House,  as  indi- 
cated on  the  map.  Howe  threatened  Philadelphia,  hoping  that  Washington  would  risk  a  general 
engagement  in  its  behalf,  •j'he  New  Jersey  militia  were  posted  on  Lowland  Hill,  near  Flemington,  to 
which  place  Sullivan  had  withdrawn  from  Princeton. 

Washington  ordered  all  the  Continental  troops,  then  at  Peekskill,  except  1,000  men,  to  join  him. 


[returnedto  Brunswick. 

Maxwell  was  at  once  sent  forward  to  take  position  between  Brunswick  and  Amboy,  to  cut  off 
detached  parties  or  baggage,  while  Greene  was  sent  with  three  brigades  to  follow  the  river  and  attack 
their  rear,  so  soon  as  they  should  leave  the  post.  Stirling  joined  Maxwell,  and  Greene  pursued  as  far 
as  Piscataway.  Washington  moved  his  army  to  Quibbletown,  and  Stirling  was  placed  in  advance, 

On  the  afith,  Howe  resumed  the  offensive,  and  advanced  to  Scotch  Plains  and  Westfield.  Corn- 
wallis marched,  via  Woodbridge,  at  7  A.  M.  with  the  right  wing,  and  Howe  with  the  left  wing,  ap- 
proached Metuchen  Meeting  House,  expecting  that  Cornwallis  would  gain  the  passes  to  Middlebrook. 
Four  battalions,  with  six  guns,  were  also  sent  to  Bonhampton  to  threaten  the  American  right  wing. 
Cornwallis  had  hardly  passed  through  Woodbridge  when  he  was  confronted  with  Stirling  ;  but,  by 
superior  artillery,  crowded  him  back  as  far  as  Westfield  and  Plainfield,  capturing  three  guns,  and 
inflicting  upon  Stirling  a  loss  of  200  men,  at  the  cost  of  not  more  than  70.  Maxwell  retirea  without 
loss.  Washington  at  once  comprehended  the  whole  movement,  recovered  the  passes  to  his  old  post, 
before  Cornwallis,  w.hq  had  been  delaved  by  Stirling,  could  reach  them,  and  Howe,  who  had  threatened 
nisTront,  in  Favor  of  the  movement  of  Comwallis,  was  foiled. 

On  the  afternoon  of  the  27th,  Cornwallis  left  Westfield,  passed  through  Sampton,  and  joined 
Howe.  On  the  30th,  Howe  regained  Staten  Island,  and  closed  his  military  career  in  New  Jersey, 


From  JUNE  2oth  to  OCT.   ipth,   1777 


fl  vitioh 


BURGOYNZ 

Strength,   7,863. 

NOTES.  On  the  aoth  of  June,  1777,  Burgoyne  established  his  preliminary  camp  at  Boquet  River, 
and  on  the  aist  held  a  conference  with  Indian  auxiliaries,  engaged  by  him,  under  direction  of  Lord 
Germaine,  but  against  his  own  judgment. 

The  army  left  Crown  Point,  to  which  it  had  advanced  on  the  3oth,  in  three  divisions.  The  British 
infantry,  grenadiers  and  24th  Foot,  with  Canadians,  Indians  and  ten  guns,  marched  down  the  west 
shore  and  encamped  four  miles  from  Ticonderoga.  The  German  reserve  and  Hessian  troops  followed 
the  east  shore.  Burgoyne  accompanied  the  fleet 


JUtimttw 

SCHUYLZR          ST.   GLAIR  GATES 

Strength,  3,446,  including  Militia. 

NOTES.  The  first  British  objective  was  the  capture  of  Ticonderoga.  A  bridge  of  boats  com- 
municated with  Fort  Independence.  A  boom  of  heavy  logs  and  sunken  timbers  was  deemed  sufficient 
to  prevent  the  passage  of  ships  into  South  River.  The  Americans  neglected  to  fortify  Sugar  Loaf  Hill, 
deeming  it  inaccessible. 

The  investment  began  July  xst.  During  the  night  of  July  4th,  the  British  occupied  Sugar  Loaf 
Hill,  south  of  the  fort,  commanding  it,  and  named  the  new  position,  Fort  Defiance.  Riedesel  also  ex- 
tended his  lines,  so  as  nearly  to  enclose  Fort  Independence.  The  fort  became  untenable.  During  the 
night  of  the  sth  of  July,  the  Americans  started  220  batteaux,  under  Col.  Long,  for  Skenesborough, 
with  their  surplus  supplies  and  invalid  troops. 

At  3  A.  M.,  July  6,  when  the  retreat  was  well  begun,  a  burning  house  at  Mount  Independence  ex- 
posed the  movement  to  the  besiegers.  General  St.  Clair  bad  already  started  toward  Castleton. 
Phillips  sent  Fraser  in  pursuit,  and  joined  Burgoyne,  who  took  shipping  through  South  River  for 
Skenesborough.  Riedesel  put  a  garrison  in  Fort  Independence  and  followed  Fraser.  The  British  sea- 
men cut  through  the  bridge,  and  the  fleet  landed  its  troops  at  Skenesborough.  shortly  after  Col.  Long 
had  landed  and  started  for  Fort  Ann,  n  miles  to  the  south. 

On  the  7th,  Col.  Long  had  a  sharp  engagement  with  Lieut. -Col.  Hill  and  Major  Forbes,  near  Fort 
Ann  •  but,  being  compelled  to  retreat,  burned  the  fort  and  retired  to  Fort  Edward. 

The  British  moved  their  heavy  guns,  by  water,  to  Fort  George,  while  Burgoyne  halted  at  Skenes- 
borough. and  the  left  wing  under  Fraser  and  Riedesel  pursued  St.  Clair. 


|t*f error** : 

CARRINGTON'S  "BATTLES  OF  THE  AMERICAN  REVOLUTION,"  pp.  301-312. 

£rhool  SU.storie.s : 

Anderson,  1  57  ;  p.  81.  Holmes,  T  5  ;  p.  125.  Swinton,  ^  142  ;  p.  134. 

Barnes,  ^  i  ;  p.  121.  Lossing,  ^  18  ;  p.  157.  Scott,  ^  12 ;  p.  184. 

Berard  (Bush),  T  73  ;  p.  156.  Quackenbos,  J  334  ;  p.  240.         Thalheimer  (Eclectic,),  1  2 

Goodrich,  C.  A.(Seaveys)  ^  18;  p.  126.  Ridpath,  ^  12  ;  p.  202-3.  P-  '  5°- 

Goodrich,  S.  G.,  ^  4  ;  p.  224.  Sadlier  (Excel.),  T  9  ;  p.  189.       Venable,  5  '4°  ;  P-  106-7. 

Hassard,  1  5  ;  p.  191.  Stephens.  A.  H.,  5  21 ;  p.  198. 

28 


!  under  orders  ¥^imrH^fl^ff77. 


tfattlc  nf 


JULY    7th,    1776 


JUtteriottt 


FRANCIS 

Strength,   1,300       Casualties,  360 


FRASER 

Strength,  1,400     Casualties,  203 


NOTE. — General  St.  Clair,  retreating  from  Ticonderoga,  hastened  toward  Castleton,  which  he 
reached  by  night,  July  6th.  He  left  Col.  Seth  Warner  with  150  men  at  Hubbardton,  to  collect  strag- 
glers and  await  the  arrival  of  Col.  Francis,  who  left  Mount  Independence  with  the  rear  guard  of  the 
American  army  at  four  o'clock  in  the  morning.  Col.  Francis,  being  joined  at  Hubbardton  by  Col. 
Hale,  and  thus  having  a  force  of  nearly  1,300  men,  determined  to  give  battle.  He  attacked  Fraser  as 
soon  as  his  pursuing  columns  appeared,  before  they  could  select  their  ground,  and  by  use  of  fallen  trees 
and  other  cover,  made  an  effective  attack.  The  precipitate  retreat  of  Hale  (then  an  invalid)  left  Francis 
and  Warner  but  nine  hundred  men,  just  when  Riedesel  and  Earl  Balcarras  arrived  with  their  battalions, 
and  entered  into  the  action  with  vigor,  band  playing,  and  confident  of  success. 

STEDMAN  {British  author)  says :  "  The  Americans  maintained  their  post  with  great  resolution 
and  bravery."  The  reenforcements  did  not  arrive  so  soon  as  expected,  and  victory  was  for  a  long  time 
doubtful. 

The  wide  dispersion  of  the  fugitives  in  the  woods,  after  Col.  Francis  fell,  when  resistance  became 
hopeless,  induced  an  excessive  estimate  of  the  American  casualties. 


CARRINGTON'S  "BATTLES  OF  THE  AMERICAN  REVOLUTION  "  pp.  214-242 


Anderson,  ^  58  ;  p.  82.  Holmes,  T  —  ;  p.  —  . 

Barnes,  f  —  ;  p.  —  .  Lossing,  T  18  ;  p.  157. 

Berard  (Bush),  1  74  ;  p.  156.  Quackenbos,^  334;  p.  240. 

Goodrich,  C.  A.  (Seaveys),!  19;  p.  187.  Ridpath.  ^  12;  p.  203. 
Goodrich,  S.  G.,  ^  4  ;  p.  224.  SadiiertExcel),^  —  ;  p.  —  . 

Hassard,  ^  6;  p.  191.  Stephens,  A.  H.,  5"  22  ;  p. 


Swinton,  ^  —  ;  p.  —  . 
Scott,  1  12  ;  p.  184. 
Thalheimer  (Eclectic), 

p.  159. 
Venable,  ^  140;  p.  107. 


arut  JJrattn  6y  fid.  ( 


P^Wl-::^I-f 

„  tTUjiL  tS''-^*-*- 

$&*&&£&?- 

'^V--4--  **»<«- 

A.  JlJvanCfd  Corps  of  Gen!  frazert 
iv h  ich  was  attacked  al  Hie  cnfeJr. 


Americans  fy  advance 
of  center  of  Line.  0000. 

C.PosHioitaialien  lylmzerk Corps, 
in  deployment,  io  resist  attack. 

D.  EarlofSalcarras  detached,  to 
COverRight  Jtirtg  of  British. Iriny. 

X.  Gtnffieideselwith  VatiyuarJS^ 
Brunswick  Ctiasseurs.supporling 


P.  Jlmerican  position,  after  arrtral 
ofHeidesel. 


of  jl 


mercans* 


/i'jth  position,  oiler  llm  action- 
I.  Jfoute  used  as  Hospital  . 


322* 


AUGUST   i6th,   1777 


Cmwmwter 


STARK 

Strength,   1,450     Casualties,  84 


tfrtttsh 


BAUME 

Strength,  550     Casualties,  207, 
Americans  take  600  prisoners,  including  Tories 

MEM.  —  (The  battle  of  Bennington  resulted  from  an  attempt  made  by  Burgoyne  )o  Secure  flour 
and  other  supplies,  tvhich  a  loyalist.  Major  Skene,  had  reported  to  be  collected  at  that  place.  The 
route  from  Skenesborough  to  Fort  Edward,  on  the  Hudson  river,  had  teen  so  obstructed  by  felled 
timber  and  broken  bridges,  by  order  of  Gen.  Schuyler,  that  Burgoyne  did  not  reach  that  post  until 
July  y>th,  and  his  army  already  experienced  a  scarcity  of  provisions. 

NOTES.  —  On  the  nth  of  August.  Lt.  Col.  Baume  was  started  from  Batten  Kill,  with  550  men  to 
capture  the  stores.  On  the  i4th  he  had  a  skirmish  at  Van  Schaik's  mill,  where  he  destroyed  some 
flour,  and  wrote  to  Burgoyne  that  a  force  of  fifteen  to  eighteen  hundred  men  was  reported  to  be  at 
Bennington.  Meanwhile,  loyalists,  with  and  without  arms,  were  joining  him,  to  share  in  the  plunder 
of  the  expedition.  He  advanced  the  same  day,  within  four  miles  of  Bennington  ;  but,  upon  assurances 
that  the  Americans  were  in  force,  he  entrenched  upon  a  wooded  hill  at  a  bend  of  the  \Valloomschoick 
river,  placed  a  detachment  of  Rangers  at  the  river  crossing,  and  one  of  Loyalists  on  a  knoll  at  the 
foiked  roads,  in  front  of  the  crossing,  and  awaited  attack,  or  reenforcements. 

On  the  isth,  at  8  A.  M.,  Lt.  Col.  Breyman  received  orders,  and,  at  9  o'clock,  left  Burgoyne's  head- 
quarters with  reenforcements,  viz.  :  500  men  and  two  guns.  Heavy  rain  retarded  the  column,  limiting 
tne  advance  to  less  than  a  mile  an  hour.  On  the  same  day  Col.  Warner  left  Manchester  for  Benning- 
ton, where  he  halted  one  day,  to  rest  the  men  and  dry  their  arms  and  equipments.  With  the  arrival 
of  Col.  Symonds,  the  Americans  numbered  nearly  two  thousand  men. 

On  the  i6th,  Stark,  without  waiting  for  the  entire  command  to  be  ready,  advanced  against  the 
enemy.  Stickney  cut  off  the  detachment  at  the  bridge.  Hubbard  dispersed  the  small  force  in  front 
of  the  bridge.  Herrick  attacked  the  British  Grenadiers,  who  were  posted  near  the  Saratoga  road,  on 
the  British  right,  while  Nichols  turned  Baume's  left.  Stark,  himself,  ascended  the  face  of  the  hill  and 
stormed  the  breastworks.  The  Indian  allies  deserted  Baume  at  the  first  attack,  and  by  four  o'clock 
the  battle  was  over.  The  British  lost  in  killed,  307,  and  in  prisoners,  including  loyalists  or  lories,  not 
far  from  600. 

Lt.  Col.  Breyman  arrived  and  opened  fire  with  his  guns,  v^hile  the  Americans,  widely  dispersed, 
were  collecting  the  trophies  of  the  field.  The  failure  of  Breyman's  artillery  ammunition,  and  the 
timely  arrival  of  Col.  Warner  with  his  fresh  regiment,  completed  the  victory  at  Bennington. 


CARRINGTON'S  "BATTLES  OF  THE  AMERICAN  REVOLUTION,"  pp.  327-334. 


Anderson,  ^  62  ;  p.  83. 
Barnes,  ^  2  :  p.  123. 
Berard  (Bush),  1  76  ;  p.  157. 
Goodrich,  C.  A.  (Seaveys),T|  19;  p. 
Goodrich,  S.  G.,  T  1-7  ;  p.  226. 
Hassard,  1  12-13  ;  p.  194. 


Holmes,  ^  7  ;  p.  126. 
Lossing,  ^  20  :  p.  158. 
Quackenbos,  *  338;  p.  242-3. 
Ridpath,  1  13  ;  p.  203. 
Sadlier,  (Excel),  ^  2  ;  p.  191. 
Stephens,  A.H.  «f  26;  p.  200. 


Swinton,  ^  145  ;  p.  134. 
Scott,  T[  16  ;  p.  186. 
Thalheimer  (Eclectic!,  T  264 , 

P-  'S»  ', 
Venable,  ^  140 ;  p.  107. 


The 


NOTR.—  The  invasion  by  Burgoyne  had  support  from  a  movement  into  Central  New  York 
Oswego,  under  St.  Leger,  against  Fort  Schuyler. 

Its  object  was  to  reach  Albany  by  the  Mohawk  Vall«y,  in  the  rear  of  the  American  army. 
"  Battle  of  Oriskany"  was  fought;  General  Herkimer  was  wounded  'and,  the  American  casualties  were 
nearly  400.  Col.  Marinus  Willettheld  the  fort,  with  success  ;  and  the  approach  of  Arnold  to  its  relief 
induced  St.  Leger  to  give  up  the  siege,  which  he  began  with  assurance  of  success.  General  Schuyler 
planned  the  relief  from  this  attack,  provided  for  the  detail  of  Learned  and  Arnold  for  the  purpose, 
and  the  result  vindicated  his  own  expectations,  and  those  of  Washington. 

Carrington's  "  Battles  of  the  A  merican  Revolution"  pp.  324-5. 


l\o(cd . 

A-  7?cidesdsD/w</oons.  B 

C.  American  fbu///tet>rs,  j. 
Grenadiers.  E. 

'•tnadta/is 
G.  American  forces. 


fndtans  wAo  flrd  rrkm 

.   JL  -  1  _M/_  / 


(bmbi/ed  fzndjPrtu&n.  fy  Col.  Carringfon 


834* 


jj  attic  af  jfwimro'* 


SEPTEMBER  i;th,  1777 


c\mevicau 


Strength,  3,500.     Casualties,  321 

AMERICAN  POSITION.— Gates  succeeded  Schuyler,  August  iqth,  1777,  and  established  his 
camp  four  miles  north  of  Stillwater,  and  twenty-four  above  Albany,  on  the  west  bank  of  the  Hudson 
river,  at  a  point  selected  by  Kosciusko,  then  Engineer  in  the  American  service.  The  position  was 
strong,  ana  adequately  armed. 

British  (Tommaubrv* 

FRASER,  RIEDESEL,  BURGOYNE  BALCARRAS,  PHILLIPS 

HANAU,     HUMPHREYS,     ANSTRUTHER,     HAMAGE 

JONES,        KINGSTON,        FORBES 

BRITISH  POSITION.— As  early  as  August  i4th,  abridge  of  rafts  had  been  thrown  over  the 


ay 
American  lines. 


NOTES. 


NOTE  I. — Skirmishing  occurred  between  the  two  armies  on  the  i8th,  and  on  the  loth  Burgoyne 
advanced,  in  three  columns,  to  attack  the  American  position.  Six  companies  of  the  47th  Regiment 
guarded  camp.  The  right  wing,  under  Fraser,  with  the  gth  and  24th  Regiments,  the  British  grena- 
diers, the  Rangers  and  Canadians,  moved  west,  then  south,  and  had  a  sharp  skirmish  near  the  spot 
where  Fraser  was  killed  Oct.  8th.  This  wing  then  moved  east,  toward  Freeman's  Farm,  to  aid  the 
centre.  The  Centre,  under  Burgoyne,  including  6ad  and  aoth  Regiments,  moved  southward,  and  de- 


Jips 

not  arrive  until  it  was  hotly  engaged. 

NOTE  II. — The  Americans  early  took  the  offensive.  Upon  Arnold's  advice,  Gat«s ordered  him  to 
send  Morgan's  Riflemen  and  Dearborne's  Light  Infantry  from  his  division,  to  oppose  the  British  right, 
which  attempted  to  turn  the  American  left.  The  movement  was  timely  and  successful.  The  Cana- 
dians were  driven  back,  and  both  Americans  and  British,  during  the  conflict,  moved  eastward,  until 
they  took  part  in  the  general  engagement,  which  centered  about  Freeman's  Farm,  by  four  o'clock  in 
the  afternoon.  At  this  time  the  whole  of  Arnold's  division  was  engaged  with  the  British  right  wing  ; 
and,  as  the  Americans  recejved  reenforcements,  it  required  the  timely  arrival  of  the  Hessian  column, 
with  artillery,  to  resist  their  impetuous  assaults. 

The  American  left,  at  one  time,  advanced  beyond  the  farm-house,  which  Earl  Balcarras  had  forti- 
fied^  and  attempted  to  turn  the  position  of  the  626  Regiment.  The  gth  (reserve)  came  to  its  relief. 
The  aoth  and  6ad  Regiments  were  almost  destroyed. 

NOTE  III. .-This  action  left  both  parties  worn  out,  for  the  day.  The  British  ctntrt,  under  Burgoyne, 
x,ioo  men,  had  half  its  force  killed  or  wounded  through  their  desperate  charges.     Jones'  battery  (four 

funs)  lost  36  out  of  48  men.    Sergeant  Lamb  says,  in  his  Journal :   "  The  conflict  was  dreadful ;  for 
aur  hours  a  constant  blaze  of  fire  was  kept  up,  and  both  armies  seemed  determined  on  death  or 
victory." 

The  American  casualties  were  65  killed,  218  wounded  and  38  missing.  Morgan's  Riflemen  were 
especially  active,  while  the  regiments  of  Cillery,  Scammel,  Hale,  Van  Cortlandx  H.  B.  Livingston, 
Cook  and  Latimer,  with  Dearborne's  Light  Infantry,  all  of  Arnold's  division,  vied  with  those  of  Bailey, 
Wesson,  Jackson  and  James  Livingston,  in  the  contest. 


CARRINGTON'S  "BATTLES  OF  THE  AMERICAN  REVOLUTION,"  pp.  335-346. 


Anderson,  ^  64  ;  p.  84.  Holmes,  T  9  ;  p.  126-7.  Swinton,  ^  148  ;  p.  135. 

Barnes,  ^  2  ;   p.  123.  Lossing.  i  22  ;  p.  159.  Scott,  T  18  ;  p.  187. 

Berard(Bush),^78;  p.  157.  Quackenbos,  ^  342  ;  p.  244.        Thalheimer    (Eclectic),     T   265  ; 

Goodrich,  C.A.  (Seaveys),^22,  p.  128.  Ridpath,  ^  15  ;  p.  204.  p.  152. 

Goodrich,  S.  G.,T  —  ;  p.  —  .  Sadlier  (Excel),  T"-i2;  p.  191.  Venable,  ^  19  ;  p.  108. 

Hassard,  ^  15  ;  p.  195.  Stephens,  A.  H.,  *(  28  •  p.  201. 


34 


f'f.'iifii/,  •t/r/^t/JniH  //  /-(  //•/  fjtrtfW/rrr 


OCTOBER  /th,  1777 


American  (T  amiimubrra 

MORGAN        LEARNED  GATES  POOR  NIXON 

DEARBORNE,    ARNOLD,   (Volunteer,)   LIVINGSTON,    TENBROECK, 


tlrttu.li 

RIEDESEL  BURGOYNE  FRASER 

DcHEISTER  BALCARRAS  ACKLAND 

NoTK  I. — Burgoyne,  with  provisions  scarce  and  army  wasting,  made  a  desperate  effort,  with  1,500 
men  and  ten  guns,  to  turn  the  American  left  and  gain  its  rear. 

NOTE  II. — Gates,  equally  prompt,  started  troops,  under  Col.  Brooks,  to  move  around  the  British 
right. 

NOTE  III. — The  British  line  formed  on  the  Heights  (see  map,  for  details  of  formation),  was 
attacked  furiously ],y  Morgan,  Learned,  Poor,  Dearbone  and  Tenbroeck.  Arnold,  although  relieved 
by  Lincoln,  who  had  arrived  on  the  zgth  of  September,  dashed  on,  with  his  old  command,  regardless  of 

NOTE  IV. — The  British  artillery,  which,  at  first,  fired  over  the  assailing  column,  was  speedily  over- 
run by  the  swift  charge.  Fraser  fell,  while  rallying  the  broken  line.  Patterson  and  Glover  bring  up 
their  columns.  The  British  order  a  general  retreat.  Balcarras  still  holds  Freeman's  Farm  ;  but  the 
American  troops  sweep  oil,  and  storm  the  works  held  by  Breyman.  He  is  killed,  and  Arnold  is  wounded 
as  he  enters  the  redoubt,  from  the  north.  The  regiments  of  Wesson  and  Livingston  were  among  the 
most  active  in  the  final  assault. 

NOTE  V  — The  long  delayed  promotion  of  Arnold  was  promptly  made  by  the  American  Congress. 
NOTE  VI.-The  British  casualties  exceeded  500.   The  American  casualties  were  not  more  than 
150.   Sir  Francis  Clark  died  from  wounds  received,  and  Major  Ackland,  also  wounded,  became  a  prisoner , 
as  well  as  Major  Williams. 

NOTE  VI  I. — The  British  army  retired  to  <  present)  Schuylersville,  crossed  the  Fishkill,and  carefully 
entrenched  its  camp,  leaving  their  old  camp  on  the  8th,  at  night. 


CARRINGTON'S  "  BATTLES  OF  THE  AMERICAN  REVOLUTION,"  pp.  345-350. 


Anderson,  T  65  ;  p.  84.  Holmes,  ^  9  ;  p.  126-7.  Swinton,  T  149  ;  p.  135. 

Barnes,  ^  i  ;  p.  124.  Lossing,  ^  22  ;  p.  159.  Scott,  T  18  ;  p.  187. 

Berard(Bush),  ^80;  p.  158.  Quackenbos,  ^  344  ;  p.  246.        Thalheimer    (Eclectic!,     ^  a66  : 

Goodrich,  C.A.  (Seaveys),  ^  22,  p.  128.  Ridpath,  ^  16  ;  p.  204.  p.  152. 

Goodrich,  S.  G.,^  —  ;  p.  —  .  Sadlier  (Excel),  ^n-ia;  p.  191.  Venable,  T  19  ;  p.  109. 

Hassard,  ^  18  ;  p.  195.  Stephens,  A.  H.,  T  29  ;  p.  201. 

36 


Compiled  and  Drawn  by  Col.  Larrington. 
#  #  Arnold  wounded 
$  Trazcr  wounded 


of 


OCTOBER  i;th,  1777 


Amrvtran 


NIXON         MORGAN      GATES      LINCOLN         BROOKS 
LEARNED,        DEARBORNE,       GLOVER,        PATTERSON,       POOR 

Strength,  .         18,624 

Detached,         .  3-875 

Sick          .         .  622 

Absent,  .  731 

Present  Oct.  i6th,  13,216 
Regulars  present,       9,093 


BURGOYNE 

DcHEISTER,     RIEDESEL,      SPECHT,      BALCARRAS,     PHILLIPS 
Force  Surrendered,  5,763. 

NOTE. — The  Americans  occupied  the  east  bank  of  the  Hudson  in  force ;  established  a  battery  of 
five  guns  above  the  bridge  of  boats  ;  cut  off  all  retreat  northward  ;  supplies  were  exhausted,  and  sur- 
render ensued.  The  prisoners  of  war  were  sent  to  Cambridge,  Mass.,  and  Rutland,  Vt.,  and  after- 
ward, during  the  winter  of  1778,  were  marched  700  miles,  to  Charlottsville,  Va.  Madame  Riedesel 
accompanied  her  husband.  The  descendants  of  many  of  these  soldiers  survive  in  Virginia. 


CARRINGTON'S  "BATTLES  OF  THE  AMERICAN  REVOLUTION,"  pp.  345-355. 


Anderson,  f  66  ;  p.  84.  Holmes,  *  9  ;  p.  126-7.  Swinton,  f  150  ;  p.  135-6. 

Barnes,  f  i  ;  p.  125.  Lossing,  T  22  ;  p.  159.  Scott,  ^  19 ;  p.  187-8. 

Berard  < Bush\  ^  80  ;  p.  158.  Quackenbos,  f  345  ;  p.  248.          Thalheimer  (Eclectic),  f  266  : 

Goodrich,  C.  AASeaveys)^23;  P- 128.  Ridpath,  ^  17  ;  p.  204.  p.  152. 

Goodrich,  S.  G.,  T  5  ;  p.  230.  Sadlier  (Excel.),  ^  —  ;  1>.  — •       Venable,  fig;  p.  109. 

Hassard,  f  19 ;  p.  195.  Stephens,  A.  H.,  f  30 ;  p.  202. 


354* 


of 


CLINTON  and  MONTGOMERY 

OCTOBER  6th,   1777 


JUttwtattt 


Gen.  James  Clinton        Gen.  George  Clinton  (Governor) 

MEM.  —  Gen.  Putnam  in  Command  at  Peekskill. 


VAUGHAN          Sir  HENRY  CLINTON  TRYON 

EMERICK        ROBINSON        TRUMBACH        CAMPBELL 

NOTE  I.  —  Clinton  lands  at  Verplanck's  Point,  Oct  5th,  and  sends  ships  to  Peekskill  (see  map)  to 
threaten  that  post  and  draw  attention  from  the  river.  A  large  force,  in  forty  flatboats,  also  threatened 
Fort  Independence. 

NOTE  II.  —  Putnam  retires  to  high  ground,  to  avoid  being  taken  in  rear. 

NOTE  III.  —  On  Oct.  6th,  Clinton  lands  at  Stony  Point,  favored  by  a  heavy  fog;  leaves  a  strong 
rear  guard,  and  sends  two  divisions,  simultaneously  to  attack  Forts  Clinton  and  Montgomery. 

NOTE  IV.  —  Vaughan,  with  1,200  men,  and  Tryon,  with  the  yth  Regiment  and  Trumbach's  Hes- 
sians. having  passed  behind  Dunderberg  Mountain  unobserved,  halt  and  take  lodgment  in  a  ravine  to 


. 

the  right,  and  near  Fort  Clinton,  to  give  the  advance  column  of  500  regulars  and  400  Provincials,  under 
pbell  and  Robinson,  full  time  to  make  its  detour  and  gain  a  position  before  Fort  Montgomery. 
NOTE  V.  —  Governor  Clinton,  who  superintended  the  defense  of  both  forts,  learned,  on  the  eveni 


Campb 


of  the  sth,  that  British  troops  were  between  King's  Ferry  and  Dunderberg  ;  and  two  parties,  each 
with  a  gun,  were  sent  from  Fort  Montgomery  to  resist  Campbell's  advance.  A  messenger  was  also 
sent  to  advise  Putnam  of  the  situation. 

NOTE  VI.  —  The  detachment,  sent  out,  was  too  late  to  seize  the  pass,  and  both  forts  were  stormed, 
after  a  vigorous  defense,  which  continued  from  five  in  the  afternoon,  until  dark. 

NOTE  VII.  —  The  American  casualties  were  about  300,  including  227  prisoners.  General  James 
Clinton  was  wounded  by  a  bayonet,  but  escaped  to  the  mountains  ;  and  General  Clinton  escaped  by 
crossing  the  river. 

NOTE  VIII.  —  The  British  casualties  were  40  killed  and  150  wounded.  Lieut.-Col.  Campbell  was 
lulled  in  the  assault  of  Fort  Montgomery.  Count  Grabowski,  Aide-de-camp  of  Clinton,  Majors  Sill 
and  Grant,  and  Capt.  Stewart,  were  also  killed. 

NOTE  IX.  —  Two  frigates  were  burned  to  save  their  capture  by  the  British  ;  the  boom  across  the 
river  was  destroyed  ;  Putnam  retired  to  Fishkill  ;  and  Esopus  (Kingston)  was  burned  by  the  British, 
under  Vaughan,  before  Sir  Henry  Clinton  returned  to  New  York,  there  to  learn  of  Burgoyne's  disaster 


CARRINGTON'S  "BATTLES  OF  THE  AMERICAN  REVOLUTION,"  pp.  355-362 


Swinton,  ^  —  ;  p.  —  . 
Scott,  f  20  ;  p.  188. 
Thalheimer  ^Eclectic), 

p.  —  . 
Venable,  T  19  ;  p.  no. 


Anderson,  ^  67  ;  p.  84.  Holmes,  T  —  ;  p.  —  . 

Barnes,  T  —  ;  p.  —  .  Lossing,  ^  24  ;  p.  160. 

Berard  (Bush),  1  81  ;  p.  158.  Quackenbos,T  —  ;  p.  —  . 

Goodrich,  C.  A.  (Seaveys),  ^  24;  p.  128.  Ridpath,  T  —  ;  p.  —  . 

Goodrich,  S.  G.,  ^  8  ;  p  230.  Sadlier  (Excel),!—  ;  p.—. 

Hassard,  ^  17;  p.  195.  Stephens,  A.  H.,  T  —  ;  p.  —  . 


40 


Com  piled  and  Drawn  ly  Co?.  Carrmgton$\  _£"" 


3G2* 


jjjtttl? 


SEPTEMBER   nth,   1777 


Ammcnn 


SULLIVAN  WASHINGTON  STIRLING 

GREENE       MUHLENBERG       MAXWELL      WAYNE       STEPHEN 
Nominal  Strength,  14,000     Effective  force,  11,000     Casualties,  780. 

AMERICAN  DISPOSITIONS.  Washington,  then  in  New  Jersey,  alike  watchful  of  the  Hud- 
son, New  York  City  and  the  large  fleet  near  Staten  Island,  quickly  marched  to  Pennsylvania,  when  the 
fleet  sailed  southward  ;  left  a  sufficient  force  to  observe  Clinton,  passed  Philadelphia,  and  on  the  yth  of 
September  took  a  position  at  Newport,  on  the  east  bank  of  Clay  Creek.  (See  map  22,  p.  49).  Max- 
well had  previously  skirmished  with  the  British  vanguard  at  Newark,  as  they  advanced  from  Elk  Creek. 


lows :     Stirling,  Stephen,  Sullivan  (under  Sullivan),  Wayne.  Muhlenbeig,  Weedon,  Armstrong  (Greene 
commanding),  and  Washington,  behind  the  centre,  with  a  small  reserve, 


iJrttk.lt 


KNYPHAUSEN  HOWE 

GRANT  MATTHEWS  GREY 


CORNWALLIS 
AGNEW  STIRN 


Strength,   18,000     Casualties,  600. 

BRITISH  DISPOSITIONS.  Howe  landed  at  Head  of  Elk  Creek  August  asth,  skirmished 
with  Maxwell  Sept.  3d,  threatened  Washington's  right  on  the  8th,  and  on  the  loth  reached  Kennett 
Square.  Sharp  skirmishes  occurred  on  the  right,  and  before  Chad's  Ford  (the  centre)  with  American 
light  troops  under  Porterfield,  Wagner  and  Maxwell,  who  had  crossed  the  river  for  the  purpose. 

Howe  moved  at  night,  and  by  a  detour  of  17  miles,  crossed  the  two  forks  of  the  Brandywine,  re- 
peating the  movement  made  on  Long  Island,  and  carefully  formed  the  divisions  of  Cornwallis,  Agnew, 
Matthews  and  Grey,  in  three  lines,  in  rear  of  the  American  Army^  on  and  before  Osborne's  Hill,  facing 
the  position,  hurriedly  taken  by  Sullivan,  when  advised  of  the  British  advance. 


of  tht  Action 


Washington  sent  Sullivan,  with  three  divisions,  to  occupy  the  hill  near  Birmingham  Meeting  House 
and  resist  Howe  ;  put  Wayne  in  command  at  Chad's  Fordtooppose  Knyphausen,  and  formed  Muhlen- 
berg  and  Weedon's  brigades,  as  a  reserve,  under  Greene,  with  which  he  took  his  own  position. 

Howe  and  Knyphausen  forced  the  positions  they  respectively  threatened,  after  much  fighting,  and 
the  entire  army  fell  back  slowly,  covered  by  Washington  and  Greene,  to  Dilworth  and  Chester,  without 
panic  or  sacrifice  ,  reaching  Chester  at  midnight.  Howe  remained  on  the  field,  in  charge  of  the  wounded 
of  both  armies.  Cornwallis  reached  Chester  on  the  i3th.  Washington  refitted  his  army  at  Phila- 
delphia, moved  up  the  Schuylkill,  crossed  at  Swedes'  Ford  and  offered  Howe  battle,  at  Westchester 
(September  isth),  Storms  separated  the  armies. 

Mem.  {Among  the  wounded  at  Brandy-wine  was  Lafayette^  tuho  served  as  a  •volunteer  aid-de- 
camp, under  his  commission  as  Major  General,  then  just  conferred  by  Congress. 


CARRINGTON'S  "BATTLES  OF  THE  AMERICAN  REVOLUTION,"  pp.  368-381. 


Anderson,  ^  50 ;  p.  79.  Holmes,  T  10  ;  p.  128. 

Barnes,  T  3  ;  p.  119.  Lossing,  ^  13  :  p.  154. 

Berard  (Bush),  T  88-9 ;  p.  160-1.  Quackenbos,  T  346;  p.  249. 
Goodrich,  C.  A.(Seaveys),5  14;  P-  125.  Ridpath,  T  19 ;  p.  205. 

Goodrich,  S.  G.,  1  3-5  ;  p.  221.  Sadlier,  (Excel),  T  14  ;  p.  192. 

Hassard,  T  11-12  ;  p.  188-9.  Stephens,  A.H.  ^  31;  p.  202. 

42 


Swinton,  t  135  ;  p.  132. 
Scott,  T  8  ;  p.  182. 
Thalheimer  (Eclectic), 


263; 


p.  151  ;     Note  2,   p.  158. 
Venable,  T  143  ;  p.  no. 


382* 


of  <gferm*ttiaitm 

OCTOBER  4th,  177; 

American  Cmtwtanter* 

SULLIVAN          WASHINGTON  GREENE 

KNOX,      WAYNE,       STEPHEN,       SCOTT,       ARMSTRONG 

SMALLWOOD,     FORMAN,     MAXWELL,     NASH,     MUHLENBERG 

Strength,   7,000     Casualties,  1,073 

MEM. — Germantotun,  six  miles  from  Philadelphia,  and  Headquarters  of  Howe,  -was  then,  as 
now,  mainly  on  one  street,  not  quite  straight,  -which  crossed  Chestnut  Hill,  Mt.  Airy,  and  the  hill 
at  Chew  s  House,  with  gradual  descent  to  the  Market  House. 


tfrttisli 


GREY,     KNYPHAUSEN  HOWE  AGNEW,  STIRN 

NOTE  I.  —  In  view  of  the  extended  distribution  of  Howe's  army,  having  the  left  on  the  Schiiylkill 
and  thence  deployed  nearly  parallel  with  Old  School  Lane,  east  and  north-east,  across  the  main  street, 
Washington  attempted  to  strike  the  whole  line  by  a  combined  movement  of  his  chief  divisions.  His 
army  was  near  Pennebecker's  Mill,  about  20  miles  from  Philadelphia.  Four  roads  were  used.  The  march 
began  at  7  P.  M.,  Oct.  3d.  The  plan  was  for  Sullivan,  with  Wayne  and  Conway,  to  lead  over  Chestnut 
Hill  into  the  village,  supported  by  Maxwell  and  Nash,  under  Stirling  ;  for  Armstrong  to  threaten  the 
British  left  ;  for  Greene,  with  Stephen  and  McDougall.  to  move  by  the  Limekiln  road,  and  strike  the 
British  right  near  the  Market  Place,  and  for  Smallwood  and  Forman  to  fall  into  the  old  York  road,  and 
strike  the  extreme  British  right,  and  rear.  The  advance  was  prompt,  and  the  surprise  promised  suc- 
cess. Washington  accompanied  Sullivan's  division.  Col.  Musgrave,  of  the  4oth  Regiment  (British) 
threw  himself  into  the  Chew  House,  and  Knox  in  vain  opened  his  light  guns  to  dispossess  the  defenders. 
At  Lucan's  Mill  a  sharp  action  delayed  the  left,  and  a  dense  fog  so  commingled  the  combatants  and 
confused  operations,  that  prisoners  taken  were  retaken,  and  the  army  was  forced  to  retreat,  but  in  good 
order,  while  Howe  retired  to  Philadelphia. 

NOTE  II.—  American  casualties  were  673,  including  Gen.  Nash  and  400  prisoners.  British  casual- 
ties were  535,  including  Gen.  Agnew. 

NOTE  III.—  'Count  de  Vergennes,  Minister  of  Foreign  Affairs,  Paris,  said,  "  Nothing  has 
struck  me  so  much  as  Gen.  Washington  s  attacking  and  giving  battle  to  Gen.  Howe's  Army.  To 
bring  troops,  raised  "within  the  year,  to  do  this,  promises  everything."  Louis  XVI.  promptly  coupled 
this  with  the  Burgoyne  campaign,  and  determined  "  Not  only  to  acknowledge,  but  to  support  American 
independence." 


fl*f erettr** : 


CARRINGTON'S  "BATTLES  OF  THE  AMERICAN  REVOLUTION,"  pp.  302-401. 

School  Yii  .stories: 

Anderson,  ^  52  ;  p.  80.  Holmes,  T  n  ;  p.  129.  Swinton.  ^  137  ;  p.  133. 

Barnes,  ^  2  ;   p.  120.  Lossing,  T  17  ;  p.  156.  Scott,  T  9  ;  p.  182-3. 

Berard(Bush),T9i;  p.  162.  Quackenbos,  T  348 ;  p.  250.        Thalheimer    (Eclectic),    T  263; 

Goodrich.C.A.(Seaveys),^  16,  p.  125-6.  Ridpath,  T  21  ;  p.  206.  p.  151,  p'.  158,  Note. 

Goodrich,  S.  G.,T  1-6;  p.  234-5.  Sadlier  (Excel),  1  15  ;  p.  193.      Venable,  T  144;  p.  no. 

Hassard,  ^  14 ;  p.  189.  Stephens,  A.  H.,  T  31  ;  p.  202. 


392* 


NOTES. 

NOTE  I.— FORT  MIFFLIN,  on  Mud  Island,  and  FORT  MERCER,  at  Red  Bank,  with 
Ckevaux  de /rise  at  Billings  Island  and  Mud  Island,  and  a  redoubt  at  Billingsport,  were  the  chief 
obstructions  to  British  operations  on  the  Delaware  River,  near  Philadelphia. 

NOTE  II. — Col.  Green,  brave  at  Bunker  Hill  and  at  Quebec,  commanding  Fort  Mercer,  so  suc- 
cessfully resisted  an  assault,  Oct.  22d,  1777,  that  the  attacking  Hessian  column  lost  400  men,  including 
Col  Donop,  the  commander,  and  Lieut.-Col.  Minnigerode. 

NOTE  III. — On  the  loth  of  November,  1777,  Fort  Mifflin  was  defended  bravely,  until,  after  a  loss 
of  250  men,  the  remnant  of  the  garrison  retired  to  Fort  Mercer.  On  the  isth,  Lieut.-Col.  Smith  and 
Major  Fluery,  the  engineer  who  planned  the  works,  were  wounded.  The  British  loss  was  13  killed 
and  24  wounded. 

NOTE  IV. — Col.  Sterling  (British)  occupied  Billingsport  Oct.  ist,  and  on  the  i8th  Cornwallis  landed 
at  the  same  point.  The  Americans  thereupon  abandoned  Fort  Mercer,  and  being  unable  to  save  their 
armed  vessels,  set  fire  to  them,  near  Gloucester  Point,  and  the  British  gained  control  of  the  river. 

NOTE  V. — Hon.  J.  W.  Wallace,  President  of  the  Pennsylvania  Historical  Society,  brought  out 
clearly,  in  1881,  the  fact  that  the  very  man  who  planted  the  obstructions  in  the  Delaware,  deserted  to 
Lord  Howe,  and  guided  his  boats  in  their  removal ;  so  that  the  ships  of  war  which  gained  such  unex- 
pected access  to  Fort  Mifflin,  at  the  time  of  its  capture,  secured  it  by  treason. 

NOTE  VI. — Among  the  British  ships  which  shared  in  the  attack  upon  Fort  Mifflin,  are  to  be 
recognized  the  SOMERSET,  the  ROEBUCK  and  the  PEARL,  which  took  part  in  operations 
near  New  York  in  1776,  as  appears  from  maps  of  same. 


CARRINGTON'S  "BATTLES  OF  THE  AMERICAN  REVOLUTION,"  pp.  391-397. 


Anderson,  ^  53-4  ;  p.  80-1.  Holmes,  ^  10  ;  p.  128.  Swinton,  ^  138;  p.  133. 

Barnes,  T  3  ;   p.  120.  Lossing,  ^  16  ;  p.  156.  Scott,  ^  t  o  ;  p.  183. 

Berard  (Bush),  ^  93;  p.  162.  Quackenbos,  ^T  349  ;  p.  251.        Thalheimer  (Eclectic),  ^  Note. 

Goodrich,  C.  A.  (Seaveys),  ^  17,  p.  126.  Ridpath,  ^  22  ;  p.  206.  p.  159. 

Goodrich,  S.  G.,T  8  ;  p.  235.  Sadlier  (Excel),  ^  16  ;  p.  193.    Venable,  ^  144  ;  p.  no. 

Hassard,  1  15  ;  p.  189.  Stephens,  A.  H.,  1  31  ;  p.  203. 


800* 


(Operation* 


Philadelphia 


BEING    AN 


OF   THE 


(Kmttttrg, 

wit* 


WHICH      RELATE      TO      THE 

®ampai0tt*  of  1776-8 

to 


INCLUDING  : 

Philadelphia,  Germantown,  Whitemarsh,  Metuchen   Hill, 

Pennebecker's  Mill,  Pottsgrove,  Warwick,  Yellow  Springs, 

Valley  Forge,  Trudrufflyn,  Westchester,  Dilworth, 

Chester,  Chads'  Ford,  Kennett  Square,  Wilmington, 

Newark,  New  Castle,  Elk  River,  Billingsport, 

Red  Bank,  Haddonfield,  Moore's  Town,  Mt.  Holly, 

Slabtown,  Yardleyville,  Donk's  Ferry,  Hightstown, 

Bristol,  Sunville,  Fort  Meroer,  Newcown, 

Billingsport,  Hillsborough,  Bordentown,  Faoli, 

Wyoming. 

NOTE.  I.  —  Wayne,  with  1,500  men,  stationed  at  Paoli,  was  surprised,  .Sept.  2oth,  1777,  through  the 
treachery  of  his  old  neighbors  ;  and  it  was  his  birth-place.  He  was  in  camp,  near  Trudrufflyn,  and 
General  Grey  made  the  attack. 

NOTE  II.  —  Wyoming  is  known  for  an  Indian  massacre  (p  459  —  Carrington's  Battles),  and  this 
massacre  was  settled  (p.  475)  by  an  expedition  under  Sullivan,  James  Clinton,  Hand,  Poor,  and  Max- 
well, who,  on  the  2gth  of  July,  1779,  fought  the  BATTLE  OF  CHEMUNG,  near  the  present  site 
of  Elmira,  New  York. 


CARRINGTON'S  "BATTLES  OF  THE  AMERICAN  REVOLUTION,"  p.  398. 


398* 


Hi        ltf 


WINTER  OF  1777-8 


American 


WASHINGTON 

Commander-in-Chief 


GEEENE 

STEUBEN 

CONWAY 

WOODFORD 

LIVINGSTON 


WAYNE 

DeKALB 

LAFAYETTE 

GLOVER 

MUHLENBERG 


MAXWELL 

HUNTINGTON 

VARNUM 

WEEDON 

DUPORTAIL 


LEARNED 

McINTOSH 

SCOTT 

PATTERSON 

POOR 


NOTES.  —  The  encampment  at  Valley  Forge  is  memorable  for  the  great  suffering  which  the  Ameri- 
can army  endured,  from  extreme  cold,  want  of  clothing,  and  insufficient  food. 

The  "  Conway  Cabal  "  or  scheme  for  the  removal  of  Washington  from  supreme  command,  which 
for  a  time  had  the  practical  endorsement  of  Gates  and  others,  spent  its  force,  and  Conway  returned  to 
France. 

During  January,  1778,  a  committee  of  Congress  visited  Washington,  and  upon  full  examination  of 
the  condition  of  the  army,  decided  to  give  him  full  support. 

On  the  27th  of  February,  Baron  Steuben  arrived  and  took  charge  of  tactical  instruction. 

On  the  4th  of  April,  Congress  authorized  Washington  to  call  upon  Pennsylvania,  Maryland,  and 
Virginia,  for  5,000  militia. 

On  the  9th,  Howe  was  recalled  to  England. 

On  the  ioth,  Lafayette  returned. 

On  the  7th  of  May,  news  of  the  French  alliance  was  received  and  solemnly  celebrated. 

On  the  iSth,  Lafayette  was  established  at  Barren  Hill,  an  advance  position,  midway  between 
Valley  Forge  and  Philadelphia. 

On  the  igth,  Mifflin  reported  for  duty  ;  and  on  the  zoth,  General  Charles  Lee  joined,  upon  his 
exchange  for  Prescott,  prisoner  of  war. 

On  the  i8th  of  June,  Clinton  withdrew  from  Philadelphia,  and  the  encampment  at  Valley  Forge 
was  abandoned  for  that  pursuit  of  Clinton  which  resulted  in  the  battle  of  Monmouth. 


Itefmtt*** : 


CARRINGTON'S  "BATTLES  OF  THE  AMERICAN  REVOLUTION,"  pp.  406-414. 


Anderson,  T  55  ;  p.  81. 
Barnes,  T  3  ;  p.  125. 
Berard  (Bush),  ^  94  ;  p.  163. 
Goodrich,  C.  A.(Seaveys)^28;  p.  129. 
Goodrich,  S.  G.,  T  7-8  ;  p.  237. 
Hassard,  T  1-2  ;  p.  196-7. 


Holmes,  1  13  ;  p.  130. 
Lossing,  ^  1-2  ;  p.  161-2. 
Quackenbos,  ^  352  ;  p.  254. 
Ridpath,  ^  24  ;  p.  207. 
Sadlier  (Excel.),  T  —  ;  p.  —  . 
Stephens,  A.  H,,  T  32  ;  p.  203. 


Swinton,  T  153  ;  p.  136. 
Scott,  ^  1-3  ;  p.  189-90. 
Thalheimer  (Eclectic), 

p.  152-3. 
Venable,  T  145  ;  p.  in. 


267 


at  jfottin 


POOR 


LAFAYETTE 

POTTER 

Strength,  2,100       Casualties,  9 


McLEAN 


MEM  —  During  the  spring  0/1778,  the  repeated  incursion*  out  of  Philadelphia  into  the  country  , 
to  procure  supplies  for  the  garrison,  induced  Washington  to  establish  an  advance  post  at  Barren 
Hill. 

The  detachment  consisted  of  2,100  picked  troops,  with  five  pieces  of  artillery,  and  was  intrusted 
to  Lafayette,  being  his  first  independent  command. 

It  was  a  corps  of  observation,  to  watch  Philadelphia,  and  superintend  outposts  and  skirmishing 
parties  between  Valley  Forge  and  that  city. 

American  Position.  —  Lafayette  established  his  headquarters  at  a  Stone  Church,  which  was 
within  a  .bury  ing-ground  and  enclosed  by  a  stone  fence.  A  rocky,  steep  ridge,  fell  off  to  the  south  and 
toward  the  Schuylkill.  At  its  foot,  southward,  the  outpost  of  Captain  McLean  was  established,  and 
a  camp  of  50  Indian  scouts.  Another  picket  detachment  was  advanced  far  down  the  ridge  road,  and 
General  Potter,  with  500  Pennsylvania  militia,  was  posted  on  the  Whitemarsh  road. 


gritteh 


GRANT 


CLINTON 

ERSKINE 
Strength,  5,000       Casualties,  3 


GREY 


British  Movements.  —  The  end  of  Howe's  administration  at  Philadelphia  was  Celebrated  by  a 
succession  of  fetes,  closing  after  midnight  of  the  i8th  of  May.  At  4  o'clock  of  the  morning  of  the 
io.th,  Clinton,  who  had  succeeded  Howe,  took  personal  command  of  a  column  of  5,000  men,  and,  with 
Generals  Grant  and  Erskine.  made  an  attempt  to  capture  Lafayette  and  his  command. 

General  Grey  was  sent  up  the  west  bank  of  the  Schuylkill  with  2,000  men  to  co-operate  from  that 
direction.  The  column  which  advanced  by  the  Ridge  road,  was  halted,  to  give  time  for  General 
Clinton  to  occupy  the  road  from  Germantown  to  Swede  s  Ford,  and  thus  cut  off  the  retreat  of  Lafay- 
ette to  Valley  Forge. 

NOTE  I.  —  Potter's  militia  retired  from  the  picket  post  without  giving  notice  of  the  passage  of 
Grant's  column,  which  took  a  road  through  the  woods,  under  the  ridge,  to  the  east. 

NOTE  II.  —  The  advance  guard  of  General  Grant  gained  the  rear  of  the  American  position  and 
halted  at  the  fork  of  the  two  roads  leading  to  Matson's  and  Swede's  fords,  for  the  whole  division  to 
gain  the  summit. 

NOTE  III.—  Lafayette  was  informed  that  scarlet  uniforms  had  been  seen  in  the  woods  to  the  rear. 
His  scouts  confirmed  the  fact  that  they  were  British,  and  not  dragoons  in  similar  uniforms,  whom  he 
expected  from  Valley  Forge.  His  action  was  prompt.  He  made  a  strong  demonstration  of  heads  o.f 
columns,,  as  if  in  full_  force,  so  that  Grant  declined  to  attack,  until  the  arrival  of  his  entire  force.  This 
delay  was  fatal  to  Clinton's  entire  plan. 

NOTE  IV.  —  A_  country  road  ran  from  the  church,  under  Barren  Hill,  to  Matson's  Ford.  The  Indian 

ad 


Forge,  while  he  covered  the  rear. 

NOTE  V.— The  movement  was  so  prompt  that  the  ford  was  gained  and  the  river  crossed  with  a  loss 

,  had  witnessed  the  British  march,  and  fired  alarm  guns; 

but  the  wisdom,  coolness,  and   promptness  of    Lafayette,  which  saved  his  command,  received  the 
strong  endorsement  of  the  commander-in-chief. 


NOTE  V. — The  movement  was  so  prompt  tha 
of  but  nine  men  :  the  British  losing  three. 

NOTE  VI. — Washington,  from  nigh  ground,  ' 


CARRINGTON'S  "  BATTLES  OF  THE  AMERICAN  REVOLUTION,"  pp.  405-409. 


Swinton,  *  —  ;  p.  —  . 
Scott,  t  —  ;  p.  —  . 
Thalheimer  (Eclectic), 

p.  —  ; 
Venable,  T  —  ;  p.  —  . 


Anderson,  ^  —  ;  p.  —  .  Holmes,  T  —  ;  p. 

Barnes,  t  —  ;  p.  —  .  Lossing,  1  —  :  p. 

Berard  (Bush),  1  —  ;  p.  —  .  Quackenbos,  tsss 

Goodrich,  C.  A.(Seaveys),^  —  ;  p.  —  .  Ridpath,  ^  —  ;  p. 

Goodrich,  S.  G.,  5  —  ;  p.  —  .  Sadlier,  (Excel),  1 

Hassard.  5  —  ;  p.  —  .  Stephens,  A.H. 


Co/trpileot  attd.Uraw/i  tyCol  C'arnngfa 


408* 


ilattlc  **f  Ittonutonth 


JUNE    2pth,    1778 


CLINTON 

CORNWALLIS 

KNYPHAUSEN 

MONCKTON 

SIMCOS 


_  Commanders* 

WASHINGTON 

LAFAYETTE,      STIRLING,       GREENE 
LEE,     WAYNE,     POOR,     GRAYSON 

KNOX,    LIVINGSTON,    VARNUM 
MAXWELL,    JACKSON,      MORGAN, 

WOODFORD,  HAMILTON, 
DICKINSON,  STEWART. 

Strength,  about  12,000  to  each  Army. 

MEM. — For  Clinton's  route  front  Philadelphia ,  see  map^  t.  49. 

American  Pursuit  of  Clinton. — Lafayette  was  entrusted  with  the  advance  column,  as  Lee  de- 
clined the  command,  from  opposition  to  the  movement.  Its  gradual  reenforcement  to  nearly  6,000 
men,  convinced  Lee,  that  if  one-half  of  the  army  should  move  upon  the  enemy,  and  the  senior  Major- 
General  be  left  behind,  it  would  compromise  his  honor.  Lafayette  generously  yielded  the  command, 
on  condition  that  the  original  plan  should  be  carried  out ;  and  Washington  pledged  the  support  of  the 
entire  army.  That  plan,  was  to  strike  the  British  line  obliquely,  while  it  was  extended  for  nearly 
twelve  miles  with  its  baggage,  and,  by  the  accumulating  force  of  the  successive  American  divisions,  to 
destroy  or  capture  it,  in  detail. 

British  Position  and  Action.— The  map  indicates  the  British  camp  on  the  night  before  the 
battle,  with  all  trains  judiciously  parked,  on  the  right,  so  as  to  lead  promptly  toward  New  York,  with 
the  main  army  interposed  for  its  protection.  The  Policy  of  Clinton  was  to  gain  New  York  with  least 
delay  and  loss. 

Three  subordinate  and  spirited  skirmishes  occurred,  before  the  final  battle,  at  which  Washington 
took  command  in  person. 

NOTB!. — Clinton  started  Knyphausen  for  Middletown  with  his  baggage  at  daylight,  and  de- 
scended into  theplain,  beyond  the  east  ravine,  with  the  main  army,  at  8  o'clock. 

NOTE  II. — The  first  skirmish  was  between  seven  and  eight  o  clock,  just  east  of  the  wist  rayine^ 
between  Dickinson's  advance  and  Clinton's  rear  guard.  Wayne,  Jackson  and  Varnum  soon  joined. 
As  early  as  5  o'clock,  Washington  had  been  advised  that  Clinton  was  in  motion,  and  sent  orders  for 
Lee  to  pursue,  while  assuring  him  that  the  army  had  thrown  aside  its  packs  and  would  follow 
promptly. 

MOTE  III.— 1\vi  second  skirmish  was  near  the  Court  House,  in  which  Lafayette,  as  well  as  Butler 
and  Wayne,  actively  participated,  and  forced  the  Queen's  rangers  to  retreat. 

NOTE  IV. — The  ihlrtt  ik{rnillk  was  that  development  of  the  American  troops,  nearly  6,000  men, 
which,  by  its  deployment  in  the  plain  and  its  close  pressure  of  Clinton,  compelled  him  to  change  front 
to  the  rear,  and  give  battle.  Already  the  American  left  wing  had  so  far  advanced  as  to  overlap  to  the 
northward,  and  threaten  the  ravine  through  which  Knyphausen  was  urging  the  baggage  train.  Lafay- 
ette, on  the  right,  was  hopeful.  Varnum  and  Oswald  in  the  centre,  opened  their  guns  with  effect,  as 
Wayne  advanced,  but  through  a  transfer  of  Livingston  and  Stewart  to  the  right,  breaking  the  line, 
and  disconnecting  the  centre  and  left,  and,  a  want  of  systematic  handling  by  Lee  himself,  the  whole 
army  fell  back,  under  his  orders. 

NOTE  V. — This  retreat,  which  became  confused  through  conflicting  rumors  and  orders,  was  gen- 
eral, but  not  a  panic.  The  troops,  disappointed,  and  over-heated  under  the  blazing  sun,  hurriedly 
passed  the  middle  ravine,  but  were  promptly  halted  by  the  stern  command  of  Washington  as  they  ap- 
proached the  west  ravine.  He  at  once  established  Livingston,  Stewart,  Ramsey,  Wayne  and  Varnum 
across  the  line  of  British  approach  ;  while  Lafayette  placed  in  position  the  divisions  of  Stirling  and 
Greene,  which  had  rapidly  followed  the  commander-in-chief.  The  repulse  of  Monckton  at  the  hedge- 
row, where  he  fellj  was  brilliant ;  and  the  artillery  of  Knox,  at  the  right,  and  Stirling  on  the  left,  of 
the  second  line,  with  Wayne's  sharp  Infantry  fire,  checked  the  effort  of  Clinton  to  force  a  passage. 

NOTE  VI.— At  night,  Clinton  retired  behind  the  middle  ravine,  closely  followed  by  Woodford  on  the 
right,  and  Poor  on  the  left,  but,  before  midnight,  he  abandoned  his  camp  and  secured  his  retreat  to 
New  York. 

NOTE  VII. — The  intense  heat  increased  the  casualties,  and  the  desertions  from  the  British  army 
were  nearly  2,000.  The  killed  and  wounded  on  each  side  varied  little  from  300. 

NOTE  VIII. — Lee  opened  a  disrespectful  correspondence  with  Washington,  was  tried  by  court 
martial,  was  suspended  for  a  year,  and  never  resumed  duty.  Monmouth  was  the  only  action  of  the 
war  in  which  he  actively  participated.  He  was  sent  to  Connecticut  from  Boston  in  1776  on  recruiting 
service,  thence  to  New  York  to  help  fortify  ;  thence  to  South  Carolina,  where  he  urged  that  Moultrie 
abandon  his  fort ;  thence  to  the  North,  wnere  he  only  embarrassed  Washington,  until  he  was  out  of 
the  way,  as  a  prisoner  of  war.  As  a  prisoner  of  war,  he  betrayed  the  weak  points  of  the  American 
resistance,  to  General  and  Admiral  Howe,  and,  on  his  exchange,  bitterly  opposed  the  pursuit  of 
Clinton. 

NOTE  IX. — Washington  marched  from  Monmouth  to  Brunswick,  thence  to  Haverstraw  on  the 
Hudson,  and  on  the  22d  of  July  placed  his  headquarters  at  White  Plains,  above  New  York. 


CARRINGTON'S  "BATTLES  OF  THE  AMERICAN  REVOLUTION,"  pp.  412-445 


Swinton,^  167  ;  p.  138. 
Scott,  ^  6-10 ;  p.  191-2. 
Thalheimer  (Eclectic\  T  272 ; 

P-  '55- 
Venable,  T  146;  p.  112-13. 


Anderson,  5  "--•', ;  P-  86.  Holmes,  T  18  ;  p.  133. 

Barnes,  *f  2  ;  p.  127.  Lossing,  ^  4-6  ;  p.  162. 

Berard  (Bush\  ^  98  ;  p.  164.  Quackenbos,^  -5-8;  p.  257. 

Goodrich,  C.  A. (Seaveys),1  32-3;  p.  131-2.  Ridpath.  5  6-7  ;  p.  210. 
Goodrich,_S.  G.,  1  4-8  ;  p.  238.  Sadlier(Excel),^9i  p.  108. 


.     .,  . 

Hassard,  ^  9-12  ;    p.  199-200. 


,  .        . 

Stephens,  A.  H.^  3.6;  p.  205-6. 


446* 


AUGUST  1778 


SULLIVAN 

GREENE,    LIVINGSTON,    HANCOCK,   WEST,    LAWSON,   HENRY 
VARNUM,     GLOVER,     LAFAYETTE 


Drench 


attfc 


COUNT  D'ESTAING 


PIGOT 

.HUYN,          BANAU,          DITFORTH,         SEABOTH,         PRESCOTT, 
VOSBERG,      SMITH,      GREY,      BOIT,      FANNING 

Strength,  6,000. 


British 

HOWE 


BYRON 


PLAN  OF  ATTACK.— The  loth  of  August  was  selected  for  the  attack.  The  Americans  were 
to  cross  from  Tiverton,  at  Rowland's  Ferry,  and  the  French  were  to  land  on  the  west  side,  opposite 
Byer's  Island. 

NOTE  I.— Sullivan,  without  notice  to  the  French  Commander,  crossed  at  Tiverton  July  2Qth.  The 
French^ fleet  forced  the  west  and  middle  passages  on  the  eighth.  A  heavy  storm  scattered  both  French 
and  British  fleets,  and  Count  D'Estaing  did  not  regain  port  until  the  2oth.  Between  the  isth  and 
2oth  the  Americans  had  established  batteries  from  Parker's  Hill  across  the  island, 

NOTK  II.— 1 


defence,  losing  67  men,  and  inflicting  a  loss  of  248  upon  their  assailants. 

NOT«  III.— On  the  30th  one  hundred  vessels  arrived  in  sieht,  with.  Clinton's  division  :  but  the 
retreat  to  the  main  land  had  been  effected,  under  the  personar  supervision  of  Lafayette,  "without 
leaving  behind  a  single  man,  or  the  smallest  article,"  as  reported  by  Sullivan. 


CARRINGTON'S  "  BATTLES  OF  THE  AMERICAN  REVOLUTION,"  pp.  448-456. 

School 


Anderson,  5  75-6  ;  p.  87.  Holmes,  ^  19  ;  p.  134. 

Barnes,  ^  2  ;  p.  128.  Lossing.  ^  7  ;  p.  163. 

Berard  (Bush),  ^  100;  p.  163.  Quackenbos,  ^  359  •  p.  259. 

Goodrich,C.A.(Seaveys),l36,p.  132.  Kidpath,  5  8-io  ;  p.  2x0-11. 

Goodrich,  S.  G.,  5  3*9>  P-  242-  Sadher  CExcel),  1"  10  ;  p.  199. 

Hassard,  ^  13-14  ;  p.  200.  Stephens,  A.  H.  1  8-9;  p.  207. 


Swinton.  ^  169-170  ;  p.  13  j. 
Scott.  5  11-14  ;  P-  193-4- 
Thalheimer    (Eclectic),-  T  273 

p.  155. 
Venable,  If  147  ;  p.  113. 


ft 


SIEGE 

OF 

XETVPOE'T. 


SEPTEMBER  i6th  to  OCTOBER  pth  1780 


Cmttttutttbev* 


LINCOLN 

LAURENS,          McINTOSH,          HUGER,          DILLON, 
Strength,  3,600      Casualties,  457 


PULASKI 


Lieut.-Gen.  COUNT  CHARLES  HECTOR  D'ESTAING 

Strength,  6,000      Casualties,  651 

POSITION  OF  THE  ALLIED  ARMIES.— The  French  fleet  arrived  off  Tybee  Island  Sep- 
tember 8th,  and  anchored  near  the  bar.  On  the  9th  the  troops  landed  twelve  miles  below  Savannah, 
and  on  the  i6th  D'Estaing summoned  the  garrison  to  surrender.  General  Prevost  asked  and  gained  a 
truce  of  twenty-four  hours,  during  which  interval  Lt.-Col.  Maitland  skillfully  eluded  the  American 
outposts,  and  joined,  with  eight  hundred  excellent  troops.  Surrender  was  then  declined.  The 
American  army  joined  the  French  on  the  i6th,  and  batteries  were  at  once  placed  in  position. 

BRITISH  POSITION.— At  the  first  intimation  that  a  large  French  fleet  was  off  the  coast. 
General  Prevost  removed  the  buoys  from  the  harbor,  and  put  a  large  force  of  negroes  at  work,  to 
strengthen  the  post.  New  redoubts,  made  of  double  palmetto  logs,  interfiled  with  sand,  a  strong 
palisade,  and  a  series  of  minor  detached  defences,  were  pushed  forward  with  energy.  Relays  of  men 
enabled  the  work  to  be  carried  on  at  night,  as  well  as  by  day.  Capt.  Moncrieff,  Engineer-in-charge, 
has  left  his  notes,  which  are  reproduced,  on  map.  Major  Graham  made  a  sally  Sept.  24,  and  Major 
Me  Arthur  another  on  the  27th,  at  night,  but  without  valuable  results. 

NOTES. 

NOTE  I. — On  the  5th  of  October,  a  battery  of  nine  mortars,  thirty-three  heavy  guns  from  the  land 
side,  and  sixteen  from  the  river,  opened  fire,  and  this  was  kept  up  until  the  8th.  Houses  were  burned, 
but  little  damage  was  done  to  the  defences.  It  became  evident  that  the  siege  would  be  protracted, 
and  the  season  of  the  year  was  so  dangerous  that  the  French  fleet  could  not  remain  longer  on  the 
coast.  It  was  necessary  to  raise  the  siege,  or  storm  the  town. 

NOTE  II. — The  force  detailed  for  that  assault  consisted  of  3,500  French  troops;  600  American 
regulars  ;  Pulaski's  corps,  and  250  militia ;  to  form  two  columns. 

NOTE  III. — General  Dillon,  of  the  Irish  Brigade,  in  the  French  service,  was  to  take  the  extreme 
left,  and  attack  the  horse-shoe  or  sailor's  battery,  at  the  British  right  ;  D'Estaing  and  Lincoln  were  to 
attack  Spring  Hill,  and  Pulaski  to  attack  a  redoubt  beyond,  toward  the  direction  of  Dillon's  advance, 
while  Huger  and  Williams  were  to  make  feint  attacks,  upon  the  east  side  of  town,  and  take  advantage 
of  any  opportunity  to  force  an  entrance. 

NOTE  IV. — The  batteries  maintained  fire,  as  if  preparatory  to  an  assault  in  front  ;  but  by  the 
desertion  of  the  Sergeant-Major  of  the  Charleston  Grenadiers,  during  the  night,  the  enemy  had 
knowledge  of  the  real  plan  of  attack. 

NOTE  V. — Dillon  got  involved  in  a  marsh,  and  Huger  could  make  little  progress  through  the  rice 
fields,  and  lost  27  men.  Pulaski  fell,  mcrtally  wounded,  in  a  brave,  but  unsuccessful  attack. 

NOTE  VI. — The  main  column,  which  was  also  accompanied  by  Laurens  and  Mclntosh,  forced  the 
palisades  and  the  ditch,  but  were  met  by  the  British  Grenadiers  and  Glazier's  Marines,  whose  concen- 
trated fire,  for  fifty-five  minutes,  was  too  heavy  to  be  silenced.  Sergeant  Jasper  received  his  death 
wound  here.  Bush  and  Holmes,  2d  S.  C.  Regt.,  planted  their  colors  within  the  redoubt,  and  fell  in 
their  defence. 

NOTE  VII. — D'Estaing  was  twice  wounded.  The  French  lost  15  officers  killed  and  43  wounded; 
rank  and  file,  168  killed  and  411  wounded. 

NOTE  VIII. — The  siege  of  Savannah  was  at  an  end.  Prompt  attack,  when  the  troops  landed, 
would  have  promised  success. 


CARRINGTON'S  "BATTLES  OF  THE  AMERICAN  REVOLUTION,"  pp.  476-483. 

yti.storic.s: 


Anderson,  ^  88  ;  p.  90. 

Barnes,  ^  2  •  p.  129. 

Berard  (Bush),  T  105-6  ;  p.  166-7. 


Holmes,  ^  10  ;  p.  141. 
Lossing,  ^  n  ;  p.  170-1. 
Quackenbos,  ^  369  ;  p.  267. 


.  , 

Goodrich,  C.  A.(Seaveys)  T  4;  p.  134,      Ridpath,  ^  9-10  ; 
Goodnch,  S.  G.,  1  1-6;  p.  250. 
Hassard,  ^  6  ;  p.  204. 


Swinton,  T  184-7  5  P-  I4 
Scott,  T  1-3  ;  p.  196-7. 
Thalheimer  (Eclectic), 
10  ;  p.  215.  p.  163. 

Sadlier  (Excel.),  T  14;  p.  200-1.  Venable,  "J  155  ;  p.  118. 

Stephens,  A.  H.,  T  23  ;  p.  212. 


285  : 


MAY  i2th,  1780 


WHIPPLE 


LINCOLN 


WOODFORD 


Strength,  3,000.     Casualties,  276. 

MEM.  The  schedule  of  prittners^  which  was  made  up  by  Maj»r  Andre  *  embraced  the  nttmes 
•f  all  male  citizent.  Total,  5,618. 

AMERICAN  POSITION.  The  garrison  embraced  2,200  regulars,  and  about  1,000  militia, 
when  Clinton  crossed  the  Ashley;  but  his  delay,  for  Patterson  to  join  him  from  Savannah  allowed 
Woodford  to  steal  quietly  into  the  city  April  7th,  with  700  Virginia  troops.  They  had  made  a  march 
of  500  miles  in  30  days.  Commodore  Whipple  withdrew  his  ships  behind  a  boom,  and  they  rendered 
no  service.  Their  guns  were  mounted  in  the  city.  He  over-estimated  the  resisting  capacity  of  Fort 
Moultrie. 


tf  rttish 


CLINTON 

Strength,  8,500.      Casualties,  265. 

BRITISH  POSITION.  Clinton  left  New  York,  Dec.  26th,  but  storms  dispersed  his  fleet.  All 
the  cavalry  and  most  of  the  artillery  horses  perished.  Tybee  Island,  near  Savannah,  was  the  first 
rendezvous;  but  it  was  not  until  February  nth,  that  the  troops  landed  onSt.  John's  Island,  thirty  miles 
below  Charleston. 

They  were  transferred  to  James  Island,  crossed  Stono  and  Ashley  rivers,  and  established  them- 
selves across  the  narrow  neck  above  Charleston  on  the  i2th  of  March. 


NOTES. 

NOTE.  I.  —  Admiral  Arbuthnot  weighed  anchor  March  gth,  leading  with  the  Roebuck  frigate,  and 
passed  Fort  Moultrie  with  a  loss  of  but  27  men.  On  the  2Oth  he  crossed  the  bar,  and  on  the  sgth  he 
landed  a  brigade  of  500  seamen  and  marines  at  Mount  Pleasant.  This  compelled  the  Americans  to 
abandon  their  outpost  at  L'Empries  Point.  On  the  4th  of  May  200  seamen  and  marines  landed  on 
Sullivan  Island.and  Fort  Moultrie  was  surrendered. 

NOTE  II.—  The  British  broke  ground  on  the  night  of  April  ist,at  800  yards  before  the  American 
lines,  and  on  the  loth  demanded  surrender  of  the  city.  April  loth  the  second  parallel  was  opened  at 
450  yards,  and  on  the  6th  of  May,  the  third  parallel  was  established  by  converting  a  canal  into  a  dry 
ditch. 

NOTE  III.  —  The  Americans  lost  by  the  surrender,  405  pieces  of  ordnance  of  various  calibre. 

NOTE  IV.—  The  map  also  indicates  the  position  of  Admiral  Parker's  fleet,  June  28th,  1776,  when 
Clinton  made  his  first  attempt  to  capture  Charleston,  and  the  resistance  at  Fort  Moultrie,  endorsed 
by  Governor  Rutledge,  but  opposed  by  General  Charles  Lee,  defeated  the  British  attempt  to  capture 
Charleston, 


CARRINGTON'S  "BATTLES  OF  THE  AMERICAN  REVOLUTION,"  pp.  492-498. 


Swinton,  T  193-5  ;  P-  *44- 
Scott,  T  3-5  ;  p.  201-2. 
Thalheimer    (Eclectic),     1  285  ; 


Anderson,  ^  89-90  ;  p.  91. 
Barnes,  ^  i  ;   p.  132-3. 
Berard  (Bush),  ^  115;  p.  169. 
Goodrich,  C.  A.  (Seaveys),1f  13,  p.  137. 
Goodrich,  S.  G.,^  5-6;  p.  262. 
Hassard,  f  1-3  ;  p.  209-10. 

Holmes,  1f  n  ;  p.  142.                 ! 
Lossing,  If  1-6  ;  p.  174-5.           S 
Quackenbos,  If  371  ;  p.  269. 
Ridpath,  If  2-3;  p.  216-17. 
Sadher  (Excel),  T  15  ;  p.  201. 
Stephens,  A.  H.  ^  1-4;  p.  214-15. 

p.  163. 
Venable 


p.  no 


Battle  of 


DURING  JUNE,  1780 


Commanders 

Maxwell,     Stark™?"/?     Jackson,     Lee 
Webb,  Dickinson,  Dayton,  Shreve 

Estimated  Strength  Available  7,800 


British 


CLINTON        KNYPHAUSEN 
Sterling,  Matthews,  Simcoe,  Stirn,   Tryoa 


Strength,  5,000 


AMERICAN  POSITION.  Washington  held  firm  hold  of  his  well  protected  camp  near  Morris- 
town,  carefully  guarded  the  pass  at  Chatham,  and  so  disposed  his  advance  posts  as  to  be  fully  advised 
of  British  activity.  (A  reference  to  map  n,/.  26-7,  will  indicate  the  relations  of  Staten  Island  to 
the  operations  referred  to). 

BRITISH  •MOVEMENTS.  Lieut.  Gen.  Knyphausen,  commanding  at  New  York,  during 
Clinton's  operations  against  Charleston,  determined  to  draw  Washington  into  a  general  engagement 
and  seize  his  camp.  On  the  6th  of  June,  with  Matthews,  Tryon,  Sterling,  and  5,000  excellent  troops, 
he  crossed  from  Staten  Island,  by  a  bridge  of  boats,  to  Elizabethtown  Point. 

The  mutinous  conduct  of  the  American  army,  after  a  winter  of  great  severity,  and  the  suffering 
incident  to  scant  food,  clothing,  fuel,  medicines  and  all  necessaries,  had  inspired  the  opinion  that  a 
prompt  invasion  would  induce  many  to  return  to  British  allegiance. 

Sterling  advanced  toward  Elizabethtown  at  daylight,  but  the  militia  were  on  the  alert.  He  was 
mortally  wounded  by  an  American  sentry,  and  Knyphausen  took  his  place  at  the  front.  When  the  sun, 
had  risen,  the  British  army  not  only  discovered  that  orchards,  houses  and  sinjgle  trees  were  sheltering 
keen  marksmen,  but  that  the  regiment  of  Col.  Elias  Dayton  was  rapidly  forming  to  resist  their  march. 
The  Queen's  Rangers  (Simcoe's)  led  the  Hessian  column;  but  instead  of  any  friendly  indications. 
there  was  opposition  at  every  step.  Connecticut  Farms,  seven  miles  beyond  Elizabethtown,  was 
burned,  with  its_  church  and  parsonage,  and  the  wife  of  Chaplain  Caldwell  was  killed  by  a  bullet.  ,. 

When  within  half  a  mile  of  Springfield,  it  was  found,  that,  as  Dayton  fell  back,  he  was  amply  SUP 
ported  by  Maxwell  on  the  bank  of  the  Rahway,  and  that  Washington  was  fully  prepared  for  the 
issue. 

A  stormy  night,  enlivened  by  watch  fires,  which  blazed  on  every  hill,  warned  Knyphausen 
that  he  was  surrounded  by  vigilant  adversaries,  and  he  retired  to  Staten  Island. 

Clinton,  returning  from  Charleston,  reached  Staten  Island  on  the  iyth  of  June,  and  he  also  resolved 
to  strike  the  camp  and  magazines  of  Washington,  at  Morristown.  Troops  were  embarked,  ostensibly, 
to  ascend  the  Hudson  and  attack  West  Point.  -Washington  left  Greene  to  command,  behind  Spring- 
field, with  Maxwell,  Stark  and  Col.  Lee,  and  marched  on  the  Z2d  eleven  miles  toward  the  Hudson;  but 
upon  appreciating  \\itfeint  of  Clinton,  regained  his  post. 

The  Battle  txf  Sptfmgfteld  followed. 

NOTE  I.  —  The  British  advanced  in  two  columns,  at  5  o'clock  A.  M.  June  23d,  with  5,000  infantry, 
cavalry  and  18  guns  ;  one  column  (Clinton's),  by  the  Connecticut  Farms  Road,  and  the  other  (Knyp, 
hausen's),  by  the  Vauxhall  road. 

NOTE  II.  —At  the  first  bridge  over  the  Rahway,  Clinton  found  that  Col.  Angell,  with  a  Rhode 
Island  regiment  and  one  gun,  occupied  an  orchard  on  a  hill,  and  practically  commanded  the  bridge.  He 
at  once  gained  high  ground  for  his  own  guns,  but  finding  their  effect  to  be  inconsiderable,  forded  the 
stream  :  turned  Angell-'s  position  and  forced  him  back  to  the  second  bridge,  where  Colonel  Shreve  dis- 
puted the  advance.  This  officer  lost  one-fourth  of  his  men;  but  found  himself  promptly  supported  by 
the  brigades  of  Maxwell  and  Stark.  They  took  a  position  at  a  mill  which  afforded  strength,  and 
Greene  so  disposed  of  Dickinson's  militia  as  to  check  the  British  ardor. 

NOTE  III.  —  Knyphausen's  column  attempted  to  seize  the  Chatham  pass,  in  the  rear,  and  thus  gain 
the  avenue  to  the  Morristown  camp.  At  Little's  bridge,  on  the  Vauxhall  road,  he  was  met  by  Lee's 
cavalry,  well  supported  by  Col.  Ogden's  regiment,  and  a  brisk  struggle  took  place  for  its  possession. 
Greene  promptly  moved  the  regiments  of  Webb  and  Jackson,  with  one  gun,  to  the  Chatham  pass,  and 
the  object  of  the  expedition  was  foiled.  - 

NOTB.  IV.—  Clinton  burned  Springfield,  returned  to  Staten  Island,  removed  his  bridge  of  boats,  and 
the  last  New  Jersey  campaign  closed. 

NOTE  V.  —  The  American  militia  made  no  return  of  their  losses.  The  regular  troops  had  13  killed 
and  61  wounded.  The  British  loss  was  not  officially  stated,  but  was  estimated  at  150,  including 
missing, 


CARRINGTON'S  "BATTLES  OF  THE  AMERICAN  REVOUJTION,"  pp.  498-502. 
jichool  yti.stow.s: 

Swinton,  ^  —  ;  p.  —  . 
Scott,  ^  n  ;  p.  205. 
Thalheimer  (Eclectic),  1  — 


Anderson,  T  —  ;  p.  102.  Holmes,  ^  —  ;  p.  —  . 

Barnes,  1  —  ;  p.  —  .  Lossing,  T  13  :  p.  178-9. 

Berard  (Bush),  T  123  ;  p.  174.  Quackenbos,  T  —  ;  p.  —  . 

Goodrich,  C.  A.  (Seaveys),^  —  ;  p.  —  .  Ridpath,  ^  —  ;  p.  —  . 

Goodrich,  S.  G.,  1  5  ,  p.  265.  Sadlier,  (Excel),  f  —  ;  p.  —  . 

Hassard,  T  2  ;  p.  214.  Stephens,  A.H.  ^  —  ;  p.  —  . 

62 


p.  —  ; 
Venable,  1  —  ;  p.  —  . 


502* 


(Outline 


or  THE 


FROM 


pobbo  f  mg  to  $ teltkt 


INCLUDING 


iTappan 

HAVERSTRAW,   where    Andre    landed,    from   British   Sloop,  Vulture ; 

PEEKSKILL,  NOETH  CASTLE  &  WHITE  PLAINS 


ALSO 


tr  |loittt 

FORT    INDEPENDENCE 

FORT  CLINTON  FORT  MONTGOMERY 

FORT  PUTNAM  and  WEST  POINT 


NOTE. —  Stony  Point  ;s  memorable,  as  follows: 

It  was  stormed  under  direction  of  Washington,  by  Wayne,  Febiger,  Webb,  Meigs,  Butler,  Lee, 
Muhlenburg,  Fleury,  Knox,  and  Gibbon.     July  16,  1779.     (Carrington  s  "  Battles''1  pp.  472-474). 

It  was  abandoned  (same,  p.  474). 

It  was  re-occupied  by  Clinton  ;  but  abandoned  (Oct.  25,  1779).     Carrington's  "Battles,"  p.  476. 

MEM.  As  the  Hudson  River  separated  New  England  front  the  central  colonies,  and  its  con- 
trtl  was  contended  for,  by  both  armies,  it  is  to  be  noted,  that  Governor-  Tryon,  both  in  1777  and 
1779,  made  incursions  into  Connecticut,  in  vain  attempting  to  divert  Washington  from  his  general 
plant.  Atril  25,  1777,  when  FairfielJ  and  Danbury  were  visited,  he  was  bravely  resisted  by 
Arnold,  at  Ridgefield.  General  David  Wooster  was  fatally  wounded.  7uly  4i  *779,  Tryon  visited 
New  Haven,  -and  on  the  t>th  and  gth  burned  Fairftelii,  including  2  churches,  83  houses  and  shops,  2 
school-houses,  jail  and  County-Houfe. 

British  expeditions,  out  of  New  York,  into  Westchester  County,  were  frequent. 

64 


Compiled  ana  J/ra#H-  ff&  C'tx.  (sam/i&rroM 


512* 


tJitttic  of  Comhett  o*  5imbcr'$  Creek 


AUGUST  i6th,   1780 


American  Commanders 

GATES 

Porterfield,      Armstrong,     Williams,     Gist, 
DeKalb,  Caswell,  Singleton,  Stevens, 


y.ntioh  Command cr$ 

JE       CORNWALLIS 
Rawdon,     Tarleton,     Webster,     Hamilton, 


Marquis      Armand,     Rutherford,      Gregory  Bryan,  McLeoa 


Strength,  3,052     Casualties,  971,  beside 


missing  Strength,  3,239        Casualties,  324 

AMERICAN  MOVEMENTS.—  The  army  of  Gates,  strengthened  by  that  of  DeKalb,  left 
Hillsborough,  N.  C.,  July  27th,  crossed  Deep  River  at  Buffalo  Ford,  and  by  the  3d  of  August,  1780, 
gained  the  Peedee  River,  and  united  with  Porterfield's  command.  On-  the  yth,  the  North  Carolina 
militia,  under  Caswell,  joined,  and  on  the  ijth,  Gates  encamped  at  Rugely's  Mills,  twelve  miles  above 
Camden.  On  the  i4th,  Stevens  joined,  with  700  Virginia  militia.  The  troops  of  De  Kalb,  1,400  men, 
.Maryland  and  Delaware  troops,  accompanied  him  from  Morristown.  New  Jersey,  having  left  head- 
quarters, April  i6th. 

On  the  isth  of  August,  Gates  ordered  the  army  to  march,  at  ten  o'clock  that  night,  to  attack  Cam- 
den,  and  insisted  upon  the  order,  after  Adjutant-General  Williams  exhibited  the  daily  Returns,  snow- 
ing that  the  real  force  was  less  than  half  his  estimate.  He  did  not  know  that  Cornwallis  had  joined 
Rawdon  at  Camden. 

Marquis  Armand,  with  his  squadron  of  6b  dragoons,  led  the  advance,  in  spite  of  his  protest  against 
using  mounted  men  for  pioneer  night  service,  as  it  required  perfect  silence.  Porterfield  and  Armstrong 
were  to  take  the  woods,  on  his  flank,  and  give  him  full  support. 

BRITISH  MOVEMENTS.—  Cornwallis,  advised  of  Gates'  force  and  his  advance,  alike  in- 
tended to  surprise  his  enemy.  Upon  reaching  Sander's  Creek,  five  miles  from  Camden,  between  two 
and  three  o'clock  in  the  morning,  the  advance  guard  of  40  cavalry,  and  mounted  infantry-,  met  and 
routed  Armand's  detachment.  Porterfield  was  mortally  wounded  in  giving  his  support,  and  both 
armies  waited  for  the  breajt  of  day  for  further  developments. 

NOTE  I  —  The  American  first  line  was  formed  as  follows:  Right  Wing,  under  General  Gist, 
with  the  Delaware  troops  of  DeKalb  ;  Centre,  under  General  Caswell,  with  North  Carolina  militia  ; 
Left  Wing,  under  General  Stevens,  .with  raw  Virginia  militia.  Singleton's  guns  occupied  the  road. 
General  Smallwood  commanded  the  second  line  with  the  First  Maryland  brigade. 

NOTE  II.  —  Tho  British  first  line  was  as  follows:  Right  Wing,  Webster,  with  23d  and  33d  regi- 
ments, and  three  companies  of  light  infantry.  Lord  Rawdon  commanded  the  left  wing,  viz.:  Volun- 
teers of  Ireland,  the  Legion  Infantry,  Hamilton's  Corps,  and  Bryan's  Refugees,  and  five  guns  under 
McLeod.  The  two  battalions  of  the  7151  regiment,  with  two  guns,  formed  the  second  line.  Tarle- 
tou's  dragoons  remained  in  column,  on  account  of  the  thickness  of  the  wood,  to  act  as  required. 

NOTE  III.  —  Upon  crossing  Sander's  Creek,  the  British  army  entered  upon  a  narrow  belt  of  land, 
bordere<}  on.  each  side  by  an  impassable  swamp,  while  the  American  line,  'also  between  the  swamps, 
on  a  widening  area,  would  become  exposed  to  any  flank  movement,  unless  they  firmly  held  their 
original  ground. 

NOTE  IV.  —  Before  the  action,  Gates  had  learned  from  a  prisoner,  taken  in  the  night  skirmish, 
that  Cornwallis  was  in  command  ;  but  hesitated  so  long  as  to  what  was  to  be  done,  that  he  lost 
the  opportunity  for  retreat  to  Rugely's  Mills.  '  Stevens  pronounced  it  to  be  anything  but  right, 
and  in  the  silence  of  Gate  as  to  orders,  gallantly  followed  the  suggestion  of  Adjutant-General 
Williams,  to  attack  the  British  right  wing  as  it  advanced,  before  it  could  gain  room  for  full  de- 
ployment. Skirmishers  were  ordered  to  take  single  trees  for  cover,  and  aid  the  movement. 

NOTE  V  —  "  It  was  calm  and  hazy,  so  that  the  smoke  settled,  until  it  was  difficult,''  sayi 
Cornwallis,  "  to  see  the  effect  of  a  heavy  and  well-directed  fire  on  both  sides."  He  observed  a 
movement  on  the  American  left,  which  he  supposed  to  indicate  some  change  in  their  order  of 
battle.  He  at  once  precipitated  Webster's  regiments  upon  the  Virginia  militia,  before  they  could 
gain  the  position  they  sought.  They  threw  down  their  loaded  arms,  and  fled.  The  North  Caro- 
lina militia,  except  a  small  force  under  Gregory,  also  fled. 

NOTE  VI.  —  The  British  right  wing,  haying  then  broken  through,  next  attacked  the  ist  Maryland 
brigade,  where  it  met  firm  resistance,  until  Tarleton's  dragoons  came  to  their  support,  when,  over- 
whelmed with  numbers,  they  retired. 

NOTE  VII.  —  The  British  left  wing  was  firmly  received  by  DeKalb.  He  bore  down  upon  them 
with  the  bayonet,  broke  through  their  ranks,  wheeled  to  the  left,  and  fought,  until  his  force  was 
enveloped  by  the  British  right  wing,  which  turned  back  to  charge  this,  suddenly,  adverse  tide  of 
battle.  DeKalb  fell,  wounded  in  five  places,  still  confident  that  victory  was  certainly  with  the 
Americans. 

NOTE  VIII.  —  The  rout  of  the  militia  was  utter.  Gates  hurried  to  Charlotteville,  sixty  miles, 
and  by  the  2oth,  reached  Hillsborough,  one  hundred  and  eighty  miles  from  Camden,  without 
fugitives  sufficient  for  an  escort.  The  Delaware  regiment  was  almost  destroyed,  while  the  Mary-- 
land troops  lost  more  than  300  in  killed,  wounded,  and  prisoners.  Forty-one  officers  were  killed 
or  wounded. 

NOTE  IX.  —  The  gallantry  of  DeKalb's  conduct  is  shown  by  the  British  casualties,  which 
Cornwallis  admitted  to  be  324. 

NOTE  X.  —  Of  the  missing  from  the  Maryland  division,  it  is  to  be  noted,  Jo  their  credit,  that 
by  the  29th,  700  had  rejoined  the  army. 

NOTE  XL—  The  British  captured  7  guns,  1,000  prisoners,  3,000  muskets,  and  all  the  baggage  of 
the  American  army.  ______  ____^_ 

!!  cf  cr  cu  c  c  *  : 

CARRINGTON'S  "BATTLES  OF  THE  AMERICAN  REVOLUTION,"  pp.  513-523. 


Anderson,  T  93  !  P-  92-  Holmes,  ^  13  ;  p.  143.  JSwinton,  ^  4  ;  p.  157. 

Barnes,  ^  2  •  p.  133.  Lossing,  ^  9  ;  p.  177.  Scott,  ^  7  ;  p.  203. 

Berard  (Bush).  T  no;  p.  170.  Quackenbos,  T  277  ;  p.  274-5.  Thalheimer  (Eclectic), 

Goodrich,  C.  A.(Seaveys)  ^  15;  p.  138.  Ridpath,  *[  7  ;  p.  218.  p.  165. 

Goodrich,  S.  G.,  ^  4-8  ;  p.  264.  Sadlier  (Excel.  I,  T  17;  p.  201-2.  Venable,  ^  161';  p.  121. 

Hassard,  T  8  ;  p.  212.  '  Stephens,  A.  H.,  T  6-7  ;  p.  217. 

66 


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t'o/rrpilect  and  fln?u>xty  Ctol.C 


522* 


APRIL  25th,  1781 


NOTES. — Benedict  Arnold,  having  a  force  of  1,553  men,  sailed  to  City  Point  (see  map  page),  and  on 
the  25th  inarched  to  Petersburg,  arriving  at  10  o'clock.  Generals  Steuben  and  Muhlenberg  were  at  the 
post  with  about  i  ,000  militia.  They  advanced  to  a  strong  position  before  Brandon  (Bradford)  which  com- 
pelled the  Queen's  Rangers  and  Rifles  to  make  a  long  detour  to  cut  off  their  retreat  and  gain  Peters- 
burg. Steuben  fell  back  to  cover  Petersburg;  but  being  unable  to  meet  the  opposing  superior  force,  in 
action,  recrossed  the  Appomattox  River,  with  a  loss  of  only  twenty  men.  A  third  position  was  taken 
on  Baker's  Hill,  which  Arnold  did  not  venture  to  assail. 

Arnold  claims  that  "  he  did  not  pursue  because  the  enemy  took  up  the  bridge,"  and  that  he  des- 
troyed four  thousand  hogsheads  of  tobacco,  one  ship  and  a  number  of  small  vessels  on  the  stocks  and 
in  the  river. 


gfcferettrc*: 

CARRINGTON'S  "  BATTLES  OF  THE  AMERICAN  REVOLUTION,"  pp.  589-590. 


JANUARY  sth,  1780 


NOTES. — BENEDICT  ARNOLD,  appointed  Brigadier  General  in  the  British  army,  as  pay  for 
treason,  left  New  York  December  19,  1780,  with  sixteen  hundred  men  for  Virginia.  Lieut.  Col.  Sim- 
coe  (Queen's  Rangers),  and  Lieut.  Col.  Dundas,  i8th  Regiment  (Scotch),  belonged  to  his  command. 

A  gale  separated  the  ships  ;  but  on  the  3ist  he  transferred  1,200  men  to  small  vessels  and  moved  up 
James  River.  On  the  3d  of  January,  at  night,  Simcoe  landed  at  Hood's  Point,  to  spike  a  small  bat- 
tery, and  on  the  4th  the  expedition  landed  at  Westover,  nearly  twenty-five  miles  below  Richmond,  and 
marched  immediately  to  that  city. 

On  the  5th,  Arnold  entered  Richmond ;  Simcoe  dislodged  a  small  force  of  two  hundred  militia 
which  Col.  John  Nichols  had  assembled  on  Richmond  Hill ;  and  some  mounted  men  on  Shoer  s  Hill 
quickly  retired.  A  foundry,  laboratory  and  some  shops  were  burned  at  Westham,  nearly  seven  miles 
above  Richmond,  as  well  as  some  public  records  which  had  been  taken  there  for  safety.  A  proposition 
sent  to  Governor  Jefferson,  dictating  terms  upon  which  the  buildings  might  be  saved,  for  the  privilege 
of  quietly  taking  away  the  tobacco,  was  rejected  ;  and,  burning  as  many  houses  as  time  permitted, 
Arnold  retired  without  loss. 

Five  brass  guns,  three  hundred  stand  of  arms  found  in  the  loft  of  the  capitol,  and  in  a  wagon, 
with  a  few  quartermaster's  stores,  constituted  the  chief  articles  of  capture. 


CARRINGTON'S  "BATTLES  OF  THE  AMERICAN  REVOLUTION,"  pp.  548-9 


Battle  nf 


JANUARY  7th,  1781 


COL.   WASHINGTON. 
CUNNINGHAM. 


MORGAN 

HOWARD.         McDOWELL.         PICKENS. 
BEATTY.       TRIPLETT.       McCALL. 


Strength,    1,250          Casualties,   72. 

AMERICAN  FORMATION.  The  battle  was  fought  near  Broad  River,  about  two  miles  south 
of  the  North  Carolina  boundary  line,  on  ground  used  for  pasture,  and  familiarly  known  as  Cow  Pens, 
Broad  River  wound  around  Morgan's  left,  and  was  parallel  with  his  rear,  and  the  position  was  selected 
by  him,  to  prevent  retreat  and  compel  his  men  to  fight.  An  open  woodland  sloped  to  the  front,  which 
'larleton  said  "  could  be  no  better  for  mounted  men." 

Morgan  occupied  the  summit  with  the  regular  troops.  Beatty's  Georgians,  150  men,  held  the  right, 
Triplett's  and  Tate's  Virginians  held  the  centre.  The  Maryland  battalion,  300  men,  held  the  left.  Lieut. 
Col.  Howard  commanded  this  line.  Pickens  held  a  line  of  270  men,  in  open  order,  about  150  yards  in 
advance  of  the  hill,  while  Major  Cunningham,  of  Georgia,  and  Major  McDowell,  of  South  Carolina, 
were  posted  at  an  equal  farther  advance,  with  150  picked  sharp-shooters,  under  orders  to  take  the  cover 
of  trees,  fire  only  at  short  range,  and  fall  back,  firing,  as  they  could  still  find  cover. 

Pickens  was  ordered  to  reserve  fire  until  the  enemy  came  within  fifty  yards,  and  after  two  volleys,  to 
retire  to  the  left  of  the  regulars;  but,  if  charged  by  cavalry,  only  one  man  in  three  must  take  part  in 
the  volley,  while  the  rest  should  reserve  their  fire  until  the  actual  charge,  or  the  troopers  should  turn 
back. 

The  regulars  were  advised  of  these  orders,  and  instructed,  if  they  were  forced  from  their  first  posi- 
tion, to  re-form  on  the  next  hill,  and  be  prepared  to  face  about  and  renew  the  attack.  Col.  Washington's 
cavalry  and  Col.  McCall's  mounted  men  were  out  of  sight,  in  the  rear  of  the  hill. 

BRITISH  FORMATION.  Tarleton  made  his  advance  at  seven  o'clock  in  the  morning,  with 
force  well  worn  from  hard  marching,  but  under  advices  that  a  large  force  of  militia  was  on  the  way  to 
join  Morgan.  Dragoons  on  each  flank,  and  in  rear,  supported  the  infantry,  as  designated  on  the  map, 
and  two  guns  opened  fire  from  the  intervals  between  battalions.  The  7ist  Regiment  formed,  slightly  in 
the  rear,  as  a  reserve. 

NOTE  I.  —  The  sharp-shooters  closely  obeyed  orders,  and  finally  retreated  around  the  American  left 
for  re-formation  in  the  rear  and  to  the  right.  One  detachment  of  dragoons  pursued  them,  as 
if  they  were  fugitives. 

NOTE  II.  —  The  British  guns  are  moved  to  the  front,  but  the  resistance  of  the  main  line  is  so  obsti- 
nate that,  Tarleton,  with  the  7ist  and  two  hundred  dragoons,  takes  part  in  the  charge.  Howard  throws 
back  his  right  wing,  and  this  is  at  first  taken  for  an  order  to  retreat.  Morgan  promptly  orders  the 
troops  to  face  about,  deliver  fire,  and  charge  with  the  bayonet.  The  British  were  within  thirty  yards. 

NOTE  III.  —  Meanwhile  the  American  cavalry  move  around  by  the  left  of  the  hill  and  attack  the 
flank  and  rear  of  thetroops  which  had  pursued  the  retiring  militia.  The  latter  gain  their  assigned 
position,  and  are  already  ascending  the  hill  to  assist  Morgan.  (See  map). 

NOTE  IV.  —  Nearly  every  Bntish  gunner  had  been  killed  or  wounded  at  his  gun.  Pickens'  militia 
attack  the  ?ist  Regiment  by  the  flank,  as  they  ascend  the  hill,  and  the  whole  force  is  at  the  mercy  of 
the  cross-fire  of  the  American  detachments 

NOTE  V.  —  Tarleton  escaped  with  forty  troopers  ;  received  a  sword  cut  from  Washington,  who  was 
also  wounded  in  the  knee,  and  the  rest  of  the  command  surrendered. 

NOTE  VI.  —  Two  standards,  thirty-five  wagons,  one  hundred  horses,  eight  hundred  muskets,  two 
cannon  and  .six  hundred  prisoners,  were  trophies  of  the  action. 

The  British  lost  in  killed  and  wounded,  129  officers  and  men. 


CARRINGTON'S  "BATTLES  OF  THE  AMERICAN  REVOLUTION,"  pp.  540-547. 


Anderson, 
Barnes, 


104  ;  p.  95. 
p.  137. 


Holmes,  T  6  ;  p.  153. 

Lossing,  ^  4  :  p.  182. 

Berard  (Bushi,  1  129;  p.  173.  Quackenbos,^  388;  p.  284-^. 

Goodrich,  C.  A.  (Seaveys),^  24;  p.  141.  Ridpath,  ^  6  ;  p.  223. 

'  Sadlier,  (Excel),  T  18  ;  p.  203. 

Stephens,  A.H.  T  6-7;  p.  223-4. 


Goodrich,  S.  G.,  I'  4-5  ;  p.  272. 
Hassard,  T  10  ;  p.  219-20. 


Swinton,  T  7  ;  P-  158- 
Scott,  ^  5  ;  p.  210-11. 
Thalheimer(Eclectic>,  ^  289  , 

p.  165  ; 
Venable,  i  166  ;  p.  1*5. 


70 


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£        ^3.S:<"*-       ,-•«._  •" 

-,— BP^"  _- ^— t-E-^-     '^. .  ~?. 


546* 


(Oprratimts  tit  Jjtmtttettt 


References: — " Carrington's  Battles  of  the  American  Revolution." 

PAGE. 

Brier  Creek Mar.  3, 1779 464. 

Camden Aug.  16,  1780 513 

King's  Mountain 001.7,1780 520 

Blackstock   Nov.  20,  1780 522 

Cowpens • Jan.  17,  1781 542 

Guilford  Court  House Mar.  15,  1781 556 

Hobkirk's  Hill Apr.  25, 1781 571 

Eutaw  Springs Sept.  8,  1781 578 

Jamestown ,.,,.   July  9,  1781 ,.,,,,,,,  607 


Savannah by  American  and  French  troops 477 

Charleston by  British  troops 496 

Augusta  by  American  troops 520 

Ninety  Six by  American  troops '.  574 

Yorktown by  American  and  French  troops 631 


iwv 


Moore's  Creek  Bridge,  Va Dec.  9,  1775 174 

Quinton's  Bridge,  Va Mar.  18,  1778 405 

Tatnal's  Plantation,  S.  C Nov.  27,  1778  (Savannah  taken) 460 

Beaufort,  S.  C Feb.    3,  1779  (A  sharp  action) 464 

Kettle  Creek,  Ga Feb.  14,  1779  (Tories  routed  by  Pickens  and  Dooley) 464 

Stono  Ferry,  S.  C Apr.  20,  1779 465 

Waxhaw  Creek,  S.  C May  29,  1780  (no  quarter  given) 497 

Ramseur's  Mills,  S.  C June  20,  1780  (sharp  action) 498 

Williamson's  Plantation,  S.  C July  I2i  r78o 507 

Rocky  Mount,  S.  C July  30,  1780  (a  bold  assault) 507 

Rocky  Mount,  S.  C Aug.   i,  1780  (skirmish) 507 

Hanging  Rock,  S.  C Aug.  6,  1780  (a  formal  action) 508 

NOTE. — A  ndrew  Jackson,  afterward  President,  was  a  dm  miner-boy  in  this  battle 509 

The  Wataree,  S.  C Aug.  15,  1780  (a  surprise) 517 

Fishing  Creek,  S.  C Aug.  18,  1780  (a  surprise) 512 

Musgrove's  Mills,  S.  C Aug.  18,  1780 518 

Wahab's  Plantation,  S.  C Sep.  20,  1780 518 

Charlotte,  N.  C Sep.  26,  1780 519 

Fi,h  Dam  Ford,  S.  C Nov.   9,1780 521 

Blackstock's  Plantation,  S.  C Nov.  21,  1780  (a  sharp  action) 522 

Charles  City  C.  H.,  Va Jan.     8,1781 540 

McGowan's  Ford,  N.  C Feb.    1,1781 551 

Allamance  Creek Feb.  25,  1781  (no  quarter) 554 

Wetzell's  Mills,  N.  C Mar.    6,  1781  (a  spirited  action) 555 

Petersburg,  Va Apr.  25,  1781 589 

Brandon,  Va Apr.  25,  1781 589 

Osborne,  Va Apr.  27,  1781 590. 

Williamsburg,  Va June  16,  1781.  (a  tharp  action) 604 

Quinby  Bridge,  S.  C July  17,  1781 575 

Monk's  Corner,  S.  C July  17,  1781 575 

Dorchester,  S.  C July  17,  1781 575 

Gloucester,  Va   October,  1781 636 

72 


55C* 


ilitttlr  uf  {DitUfmrfc  (Eiwtt  ijmtse 

MARCH  i sth,   1781 
(Commanders  £Jritbh  (Command  m 

GREENE  CORNWALLIS 


Butler,    Eaton,    Ford,      Col.    Washington, 
Gunby,  Kirkwood,  Singleton,  Williams, 
Huger,    Stevens,     Lee,  Lynch,  Hewes 

Strength,  4,404      Casualties,  1,311 


Webster,  O'Hara,  Leslie,  Norton,  Tarleton 
McLeod.     Howard 


Strength,  1.800        Casualties,  554 


MEM.  —  The  movements  of  tke  two  armies  had  been  such,  that  Greene  selected  Guilford  Court 
House,  for  an  issue  with  L'ornwallis;  and  Cornwallis,  as  deliberately,  resolved  to  attack  the  A  meri- 
can  army,  whenever  it  offered  battle. 

AMERICAN  FORMATION. -The  first  line,  1,060  men  (see  map),  was  formed  in  the  edge  of 
woods,  behind  open  ground,  under  cover  of  fences.  From  this  point,  the  surface,  quite  thickly 
woodsd,  gradually  ascended  to  the  Court  House,  with  hills  on  either  side.  Singleton  placed  his  two 
guns  on  the  road.  Lynch 's  Rifles  (200  men),  Kirkwood's  Delawares  (80  men),  and  Washington's  Dra- 
goons, held  the  extreme  right,  to  threaten  the  British  left ;  while  Lee's  horse  and  the  infantry  of  the 
Legion,  with  Campbell's  Rifles,  held  the  left,  to  threaten  the  British  right. 

The  second  line,  1,123  ^P"  (see  map),  was  posted,  300  yards  in  the  rear,  with  a  few  veterans,  be- 
hind the  line,  to  keep  them  up  to  duty. 

The  third  line,  1,401  regulars,  near  the  Court  House,  well  posted,  included  Gunby's  veteran  regi- 
ment ;  but  that  of  Ford,  on  the  extreme  left,  was  of  new  levies. 

The  map  gives  the  divisions,  by  brigades- 

BRITISH  FORMATION.— Right  -wing.  Bose  (Hessian),  and  7151  regiment,  with  Leslie, 
commanding  ;  ist  Guards  (Norton)  in  reserve.  Left  wing,  a.^d  and  33d  regiments,  under  Webster  ; 
ad  Guards  (General  O'Hara)  and  Grenadiers  in  reserve.  The  Yagers  and  Light  Infantry,  to  the  left 
of  the  road,  supported  McLeod's  guns.  Tarleton's  dragoons  were  in  column,  on  the  road,  at  the  rear, 
to  act  as  ordered. 

Preliminary  Skirmish. — Lee  and  Campbell  were  sent  out  by  Greene,  early  in  the  morning,  to 
feel  the  advancing  enemy.  In  this  skirmish.  Captain  Goodrick,  of  the  British  Guards,  was  killed, 
and  nearly  thirty  of  the  Yagers  and  Dragoons  were  killed,  or  wounded.  The  Americans  lost  as 
man. 

af  the  Battle 

NOTE  I. — As  appears  from  the  map,  the  American  first,  or  advance  line,  over-lapped  and  at- 
tempted to  flank,  the  British  line. 

NOTE  II. — Cornwallis  urged  the  troops  forward,  in  order  to  give  full  effect  to  their  discipline  ; 
and  rapidly  combined  the  whole  force  in  one  line,  which  thereby  equalled  the  American  front.  Lieut. 
O'Hara  was  killed  at  his  guns,  and  the  American  wings  delivered  a  hot  fire;  but  the  militia,  in  the  center, 
gave  way,  in  confusion,  and  Singleton  took  his  guns  to  the  rear,  in  their  flight. 

NOTE  III. — The  American  left  gains  a  wooded  hill  and  holds  the  pursuing  British  right  wing, 
to  a  separate,  sharp  engagement.  The  American  right  falls  back  in  good  order  to  the  second  line. 

NOTE  IV. — The  second  American  line,  resists  bravely,  but  yields  to  pressure,  and  is  put  to  flight, 
while  Washington  and  Kirlwood,  fall  back  in  good  order,  to  the  reserves. 

NOTE  V. — At  this  stage  of  the  action,  the  British  assume,  that  success  is  no  longer  in  doubt,  and, 
that  their  entire  progress,  is  to  be  unresisted.  While  the  yist  regiment  halts  in  the  woods,  to  await  a 
report  from  the  rest  of  the  right  wing,  which  is  engaged  on  the  wooded  hill,  with  Lee  and  Campbell, 
the  2$d  regiment  halts,  also.  The  extreme  left  wing  was  pushed  directly  for  the  American  reserves, 
while  the  zd  Guards  and  Grenadiers,  in  like  manner,  moved  impetuously  to  the  front,  without  waiting 
for  other  support. 

NOTE  VI. — Gunby,  and  the  left  wing  of  Huger's  brigade,  meet  the  British  left  wing,  with  the 
bayonet,  and  drive  them  over  a  ravine  to  the  west,  where  they  remain,  for  a  while,  out  of  action. 

NOTE  VII.— The  attack  of  the  ad  Guards  and  Grenadiers  was  a  surprise  to  Colonel  Williams,  of 
the  American .  left  wing,  and  both  guns,  which  had  been  withdrawn  to  this  point,  were  captured. 
Gunby,  and,  after  his  fall,  Lt.  Col.  Howard,  wheels  the  ist  Maryland,  applies  the  bayonet,  rejgainsthe 
guns,  and  repulses  the  attack.  Washington  s  dragoons  charge  upon  the  disordered  Guards.  Stewart  is 
killed.  Gen. O'Hara  is  wounded,  but  rallies  the  Guards,  and  brings  the  23d  and  7151  regiments  into  action. 
To  cover  their  advance,  the  guns  of  McLeod  are  placed  upon  a  knoll,  near  the  wood,  which  Singleton 
should  have  occupied  in  his  retreat,  and  Cornwallis  pours  fire  into  the  American  line,  at  risk  to  his 
own  troops,  which  are  not  wholly  disengaged  from  the  American  assault. 

NOTE  VIII.  —  When  Gunby  wheeled  upon  the  Guards,  the  British  left,  under  Webster,  re-crossed 
the  ravine  and  joined  the  main  body. 

NOTE  IX. — Tarleton  had  dispersed  Lee's  horse,  and  with  Bose's  regiment  and  the  ist  Guards, 
take_s  part  in  the  action.  The  American  left  wing  is  overwhelmed,  and  Greene  withdraws  his  army  In 
good  order,  to  Troublesome  Creek,  under  cover  of  Colonel  Green's  regiment,  which  had  remained 
nearly  intact  during  the  action.  Cornwallis  retired  to  Wilmington,  N.  C. 

MEM.  —  Tarleton  says  :  *' If  the  A  merican  artillery  hadpre-occupied  the  small  hili  by  the  road- 
side, tltevyl  and  jist  could  not  hai'e  united  -with  the  Guards  ;  and  the  result  would  have  been 
fatal  to  the  army  of  Cornwallis." 


CARRINGTON'S  "BATTLES  OF  THE  AMERICAN  REVOLUTION,"  pp.  556-565. 


Anderson,  ^  107  ;  p.  95.  Holmes,  ^  8  ;  p.  154-5.  Swinton,  ^  9  ;  p.  158. 

Barnes,  ^  2  ;  p.  138.  Lossing,  T  6  ;  p.  183-4.  Scott,  ^  7  ;  p.  212. 

Berard  (Bush),  ^  131;  p.  174.  Quackenbos,  ^  390  ;  p.  286-7.  Thalheimer  (Eclectic), 

Goodrich,  C.  A.(Seaveys)^a6;  p.  142.  Ridpath,  ^  10  ;  p.  223-4.  p.  166. 

Goodrich,  S.  G.,  ^  8  ;  p.  273.  Sadlier  (Excel.  \  ^  21;  p.  205.  Venable,  ^  166  ;  p.  127. 

Hassard,  T  14  ;  p.  221.  Stephens,  A.  H.,  T  10;  p.  225. 


Second Brllishline:  Center  andleft 
advance  upon  yirginiaMilitia . 


American  First  Lint. 
British  Advance titles  up-aU  Raerves. 


Compiled  andj)rawrt'by£0l.£arringlon. 


566* 


attle  of  $*Wnrk 


APRIL  25th,  1781 


gunmcan  Commanders 

GREENE 

Col.  Washington,  Williams,  Campbell, 

Gunby,    Ford,    Hewes,    Reade,    Kirkwood, 

Benson,  Morgan,  Harrison,  Beattie 

Strength,  1,446      Casualties,  271 


.British 


LORD     FRANCIS     RAWDON 
Campbell  Robertson 


Strength,  950          Casualties,  258 


Lieut.-Colonel  Webster  was  on  his  way  to  reenforce  Lord  Rawdon,  he  had  sent  Colonel  Carrington, 
with  the  artillery  and  baggage,  back  to  Rugely's^lills.  That  officei  had  inarched  eight  miles,  when 
recalled,  but  did  not  regain  camp  until  after  9  o'clock  of  the  25th.  Greene  had  sent  orders  for  Marion 
to  join  him  ;  but  Rawdon,  having  learned  from  a  deserter,  of  this  order,  and  that  the  artillery  had  been 
sent  to  the  rear,  resolved  to  surprise  the  camp,  without  delay. 

Hobkirk  Hill  is  a  narrow  sand  ridge,  separating  the  head  springs  of  small  streams  which  flow  to 
the  Wateree  and  Pine  Tree  Creek.  It  was  then  thickly  wooded,  and  abrupt,  toward  Camden.  Woods 
also  extended  as  far  as  Log  Town,  from  which  place,  to  Camden,  the  timber  had  been  cleared,  to  pre- 
vent its  use  as  cover  for  an  approach  to  the  post. 

The  American  troops  were  at  breakfast,  when  the  alarm  was  given,  of  the  approach  of  the  British 
troops. 

AMERICAN  FORMATION.— The  detachments  of  regular  troops,  then  with  Greene,  had 
proved  good  soldiers,  and  he  depended  upon  them  fully.  Huger  took  the  right,  with  the  regiments  of 
Campbell  and  Hewes.  The  left  wing,  under  ^yilliams,  consisted  of  the  regiments  of  Gunby  and  Ford. 
The  three  guns,  on  their  arrival,  were  masked  in  the  centre,  with  orders  for  the  supporting  regiments 
to  open  their  ranks  after  one  discharge,  then  charge  bayonet,  and  reserve  their  own  fire  until  the  ranks 
of  the  enemy  were  broken.  The  North  Carolina  militia,  250  men,  under  Colonel  Reade,  formed  the 
reserve.  In  the  belief  that  the  assault  would  be  made  directly  in  front,  orders  were  also  given  for  the 
wings  to  wheel  toward  the  advancing  column,  and  thus  concentrate  a  destructive  cross-fire.  Colonel 
Washington  was  to  move  toward  Log  Town  at  a  gallop,  and  take  Rawdon's  forces  in  the  rear.  A 
small  picket  was  also  advanced  a  mile  beyond  the  foot  of  the  hill,  under  Kirkwood,  Benson  and 
Morgan. 

BRITISH  MOVEMENTS.— Rawdon  placed  the  post  in  charge  of  convalescents,  and  so  closely 
followed  the  line  of  swamp,  to  the  eastward,  in  his  march,  that  he  gained  the  woods,  unperceived  by 
the  Americans,  until  he  met  their  pickets.  A  lively  skirmish,  first  warned  Greene  of  the  movement, 
and  led  to  the  formation  adopted.  This  route  of  march,  however,  carried  the  British  troops  to  the 
left  of  the  American  lines,  where  the  approach  was  easier,  and  the  position  less  defensible. 

The  British  troops  formed,  with  the  Sixty-third  Regiment,  the  New  York  Volunteers  and  the 
King's  Americans,  as  a  first  line,  supported  by  the  volunteers  of  Ireland  and  Captain  Robertson's 
regiment,  with  the  South  Carolina  regiment  and  fifty  dragoons,  as  a  reserve. 


formed,  as  it  advanced,  began  to  give  way  under  the  pre 
the  hill,  as  had  been  directed,  in  the  plan  of  the  battle. 

Lieut.-Colonel  Ford  fell,  severely  wounded,  and  his  men  halted.  Captain  Beattie,  on  the  right 
of  Gunby's  regiment,  was  mortally  wounded.  As  the  British  pressed  into  the  gap,  Colonel  Gunby 
made  the  grave  mistake,  of  retiring  the  other  companies,  to  reform  the  regiment.  This  gave  the 
impression  of  retreat,  and  the  Second  Maryland  Regiment  fell  back.  Both  rallied  ;  but  it  was  too 
late.  The  British  troops  gained  the  summit,  silenced  the  guns,  and  the  retreat  became  general.. 

Meanwhile  Colonel  Washington  had  made  his  detour,  taken  paroles  from  wounded  officers  in  the 
woods,  gained  some  prisoners,  and  returned,  to  find  the  battle  at  an  end. 

The  Americans  saved  their  guns,  which  the  British  overlooked  in  their  brief  pursuit.  Lord 
Rawdon  states,  that  "the  enemy's  cavalry  being  superior  to  the  British,  their  dragoons  could  not 
risk  much,"  "  and  he  would  not  suffer  the  infantry  to  break  their  order,  for  any  benefit,  that  might  be 
expected  from  a  pursuit  of  the  fugitives." 

General  Greene-retired  to  Rugely's  Mills,          Lord  Rawdon  fell  back  to  Camden. 


CARRINGTON'S  "  BATTLES  OF  THE  AMERICAN  REVOLUTION,"  pp.  566-576. 

IH.otories: 


Anderson,  5  108  ;  p.  96 
Barnes,  T  —  ;   p.  — . 
Berard  (Bush),  ~ 


Holmes,  ^  9  ;  p.  155. 
Lossing,  ^  7  ;  p.  184. 


Berard  (Bush),  ^  132;  p.  174-5.  Quackenbos,  5  395  ;  p.  289. 

Goodrich,C.A.(Seaveys),^27,p..  143.     Ridpath,  ^  n  ;  p.  224. 
Goodrich,  S.  G.,  ^  5;  p.  273.  Sadlier  (Excel),  1  —  ;  p.  — . 


Hassard,  ^  17  ;  p.  222. 


Stephens,A.H.  ^  n;  p.  225-6. 
76 


Swinton,  ^  10  ;  p.  158. 

ScOtt,  ^  7  !    P-   212. 

Thalheimer    (Eclectic), 

p.  — . 
Venable,  T  i£6;  p.  127. 


-if'-  i]>.    fr^w^fo"*-  -^-£2 

f*  S  '      t'^iS^lX^i 

>'<?>l  "— x1.  •  —  —  - — -^-— ^ 
^^—kv^T-^r  j 

1^ro^>  :| '  '.-^  AmfricqaPitftel*^.  \  >% \     i 


— v—  *- »  T  I*  •»     x     '    •«.XM'<»-  V_i»~" —  \  <-= 

S^K  ^  -  •'  ~ x-  ^"-_-  X?  i\  *.\  -  \  -ai 
r^/§:^^^4;^ 


Itritisk.               _»_  - 
American.,      . r~l_— =r 


576* 


nf  (f-utaui 


SEPTEMBER  3th,   1781 

American  Commanders 


GREENE 
Sumner,  Lee,  Col.  Washington,  Henderson 

Marion,  Kirkwood,  Hampton,  Ash, 

Campbell,  Armstrong,   Pickens,  Blount 

Sweet,  Williams,  Malmady.  Brown 


Strength,    2,400      Casualties,   408 


STUART 
Coffin.       Majoribanks,      Cruger,      Sheridan 


Strength,  2,000       Casualties,  693 


AMERICAN  SITUATION.— General  Greene  rested  his  army  at  the  High  Hills  of  the  Santee 
(see  map.  p.  72-3),  was  joined  by  General  Sumner,  with  700  Continental  troops  from  North  Carolina, 
and  on  Sept.  7th,  encamped  at  Burdell's  Plantation,  on  the  Santee  River,  seven  miles  from  Eutaw 
Springs.  At  4  o'clock,  A.  M.,  September  8th,  Greene  marched  to  attack  the  British  force  at  Eutaw 
Springs. 

AMERICAN  FORMATION.—"  Front  line,  of  four  small  battalions  of  militia,  two  of  North, 
and  two  of  South  Carolina."  Marion  commanded  the  right  wing,  Pickens,  the  left  wing,  Colonel 
Malmady,  the  centre,  with  North  Carolina  militia,  and  two  3-pounders  under  Lieutenant  Gaines. 
The  second  line  consisted  of  three  small  brigades  of  Continental  troops,  of  North  Carolina,  Virginia, 
and  Maryland  respectively,  commanded  by  General  Sumner,  Colonel  Campbell,  and  Colonel  Williams. 
Captain  Brown  served  two  6- pounders,  on  the  road.  Kirkwood's  Delaware  troops  formed  the  reserve. 
Lieut.-Colonel  Lee  covered  the  right  flank  with  his  Legion  horse,  and  Colonel  Henderson,  with  the 
State  troops,  covered  the  left. 

BRITISH  SITUATION.—  Stuart  succeeded  Rawdon  in  command  at  the  South,  with  Head- 
quarters at  Orangeburg,  but  fell  back  40  miles,  to  Eutaw  Springs,  upon  information  that  Lee,  Marion, 
and  Pickens,  were  concentrating  their  forces^  under  Greene.  At  6  o'clock,  A.  M.,  September  8th,  two 
deserters  reported  the  situation  of  the  American  camp.  The  report  was  not  credited.  Major  Coffin 
had  been  previously  sent  forward,  with  150  men,  to  reconnoitre.  A  detachment  from  the  British 
"  Buffs,"  and  their  flanking  battalions,  had  been  sent  out  very  early,  as  usual,  to  dig  sweet  potatoes,  as 
they  were  plentiful,  and  bread  was  scarce,  and  no  mills  were  near  for  grinding  corn. 

BRITISH  FORMATION.—  Stuart  formed  his  line  in  advance  of  his  tents,  and  with  the  pur- 
pose to  offset,  by  position,  the  American  superiority  in  mounted  men.  The  right  was  toward  Eutaw 
Creek,  with  Major  Majoribanks,  in  a  close  thicket,  nearly  covered  from  sight.  The  3d  regiment 
"  Irish  Buffs,"  which  only  landed  June  3d.  constituted  the  right  wing  proper,  with  the  American 
Royalists,  under  Lieut.-Colonel  Cruger  at  the  centre,  and  the  6$d  and  64th  regiments  on  the  left. 

A  small  infantry  detachment,  with  that  of  Captain  Coffin,  constituted  a  small  reserve,  covering 
the  left  flank  of  the  camp,  and  the  Charleston  road  ;  while  Major  Sheridan,  with  some  New  York 
Volunteers,  occupied  a  brick  house,  within  a  palisaded  garden,  which  ultimately  proved  rearly  as 
serviceable  as  did  the  Chew  House  at  the  battle  of  Germantown.  Three  guns  "  were  distributed 
through  the  line."  The  field,  occupied  by  both  armies,  was  well  wooded. 

NOTES. 

NOTE  I. — Coffin  met  the  American  advance  guard,  nearly  four  miles  from  camp,  and  was  driven  in 
with  a  loss  of  40  men.  The  "rooting  parties,  unarmed  as  they  were,  came  in,  much  demoralized, 
leaving  many  prisoners  in  the  hands  of  the  Americans. 

NOTE  II. — Artillery  firing  began  at  9  o'clock,  with  vigor,  until  one  British  piece  and  two  American 
pieces  were  dismounted. 

NOTE  III. — "The  British  left  wing,"  says  Stuart,  " by  some  unknown  mistake,  advanced,  and 
drove  the  North  Carolina  militia  before  them,  but  unexpectedly  finding  the  Virginia  and  Maryland 
line  ready  formed,  and  at  the  same  time  receiving  a  heavy  fire,  occasioned  some  confusion." 

NOTE  IV. — The  North  Carolina  militia  had  fired  seventeen  rounds  before  retiring ;  and  Sumner 
sent  his  brigade  so  promptly  to  their  support,  that  the  British  yielded.  They  renewed  the  attack, 
when  supported  by  the  reserve ;  but  the  American  reserve  was  pushed  forward  by  Greene,  and  a 
bayonet  charge,  by  Williams,  broke  the  line. 

NOTE  V. — A  sharp  skirmish  occurred  at  the  right,  where  Majoribanks  was  posted.  Colonel  Hen- 
derson was  wounded,  and  Lieut.-Colonel  Wade  Hampton  succeeded  to  command  of  the  cavalry  on  the 
American  left.  Washington  and  Kirkwood  united  in  the  attack.  The  thicket  was  so  dense  that 
Washington  and  40  men  were  taken  prisoners,  and  Majoribanks  retired  to  the  palisades  of  the 
garden. 

NOTE  VI. — Lee  entered  the  British  camp  from  its  left,  and  British  fell  back,  to  reform,  obliquely, 
before  the  house. 

NOTE  VII. — Many  American  troops  began  to  plunder  the  tents. 

NOTE  VIII. — Greene  brought  up  his  artillery,  and  attempted  to  restore  order,  and  break  the  pali- 
sade defences  ;  but  his  gunners  were  shot  down  by  fire  from  the  windows  (a  house  of  three  stories,  as 
Greene  reports),  and  leaving  his  guns,  rather  that  sacrifice  the  men,  he  retired  to  Burdell's  Plan- 
tation. 

NOTE  IX. — The  63d  and  64th  British,  had  served  during  the  war,  from  the  landing  on  Staten 
Island,  in  1779. 

NOTE  X. — On  the  night  of  the  9th,  Stuart  retired  to  Monk's  Corner,  broke  up,  and  threw  in  the 
river,  i  ,000  stand  of  arms,  and  left  70  wounded  men  to  the  care  of  the  Americans, 

MEM. —  This  was  the  last  formal  engagement  at  the  South. 


CARRINGTON'S  "BATTLES  OF  THE  AMERICAN  REVOLUTION,"  pp.  577-584. 

School  histories: 

Anderson,  ^  109 ;  p.  96.  Holmes,  ^  n  ;  p.  156.  Swinton,  ^  12  ;  p.  158. 

Barnes,  1  a  :  p.  138.  Lossing,  ^  n  :  p.  185-6.  Scott,  \  n  ;  p.  214. 

Berard  (Bush),  1  — ;  p. — .  Quackenbos,^399;  p.  292-3.  Thalheimer  (Eclectic),  *  :< 

Goodrich,  C.  A. (Seaveys),^  «8;  p.  143.  Ridpath,  1  14  ;  p.  224.  p.  166  ; 

Goodrich,  S.  G.,  ^  n  ;  p.  274.  Sadlier,  (Excel),  1  22  •  p.  205.  Venable,  4  166 ;  p.  127. 

Hassard.  ^  18  ;  p.  222.  Stephens,  A.H.  ^  14;  p.  226-7. 

78 


Tirji  itftirii* 

.    !'3>»l 


582* 


(Oprvatimts  in  ©hraapeak*  gag 


THEIR     SIGNIFICANCE 


The  effort  to  isolate  the  South,  from  the  central  colonies,  came  to  an  end  with  the  surrender  of 
Cornwallis  in  1781. 

From  1776,  Virginia  had  been  the  scene  of  almost  constant  invasion  and  depredation. 

As  early  as  March  zgth,  1777,  General  Charles  Lee,  then  prisoner  of  war,  in  New  York,  thus 
addressed  Admiral  Howe  and  his  brother,  General  Howe.  "  If  the  Province  of  Maryland,  or  the 
greater  part  of  it,  is  reduced,  or  submits,  and  the  people  of  Virginia  are  prevented  or  intimidated, 
from  marching  aid  to  the  Pennsylvania  army,  the  whole  machine  is  divided,  and  a  period  put  to  the 
war ;  and  if  it  (this  plan.)  is  adopted  in  full,  I  am  so  confident  of  success  that  I  would  stake  my  life 
•on  the  issue.  Apprehensions  from  General  Caileton's  army  will,  I  am  confident,  keep  the  New 
Englanders  at  home,  or  at  least  confine  'em  to  the  east  side  of  the  river.  I  would  advise  that  four 
thousand  men  be  immediately  embarked  in  transports,  one-half  of  which  should  proceed  up  the  Po- 
tomac, and  take  post  at  Alexandria  ;  the  other  half  up  Chesaapeake  Bay,  and  possess  themselves  of 
Annapolis." 

Earl  Cornwallis,  when  urging  the  transfer  of  his  own  operations  from  the  Southern  colonies,  ex- 
plicitly recognized  the  military  importance  of  Chesapeake  Bay,  and  that  Virginia  was  the  only  base, 
subordinate  to  New  York,  from  which  to  subjugate  the  South.  He  thus  wrote  to  General  Clinton, 
April  loth,  1781. 

"  I  cannot  help  expressing  my  wishes  that  the  Chesapeake  may  become  the  seat  of  war,  even  (if 
necessary)  at  the  expense  of  abandoning  New  York.  Until  Virginia  is,  in  a  measure,  subdued,  our 
hold  of  the  Carolinas  must  be  difficult,  if  not  precarious.  The  rivers  of  Virginia  are  advantageous 
to  an  invading  army  ;  but  North  Carolina  is,  of  all  the  provinces  in  North  America,  the  most  difficult 
to  attack  (unless  material  assistance  could  be  got  from  the  inhabitants  of  the  country,  the  contrary  of 
which  I  have  sufficiently  experienced) — on  account  of  »ts  great  extent,  of  its  numberless  rivers  and 
creeks,  and  the  total  want  of  interior  navigation." 

On  the  i3th  of  April,  he  wrote  to  Lord  Germaine  :  "  The  great  reenforcements  sent  by  Virginia  to 
General  Greene,  whilst  General  Arnold  was  in  the  Chesapeake,  are  convincing  proofs  that  small  ex- 
peditions do  not  frighten  that  powerful  province." 

On  the  2ist  of  August,  1781,  Washington,  writing  from  Head  Quarters,  Kings  Ferry,  to  Governor 
Livingston,  thus  confidentially  disclosed  his  plans.  (See  Mag.  Am.  Hist.,  Feb.  1881,  vol.  IV,  p.  141, 
and  "  Carrington's  Battles,"  4th  Edition,  p.  616,  note). 

Washington  states  therein,  that  "  He  intended  to  march  in  person,  with  the  whole  of  the  French 
army,  and  a  detachment  from  the  American  army,  with  as  much  despatch  as  circumstances  would 
admit,  into  Virginia,  believing,  that  with  the  arrival  of  the  Count  De  Grasse  and  his  fleet,  with  a 
body  of  French  troops  on  board,  this  would  be  the  fairest  opportunity  to  reduce  the  whole  British 
force  in  the  South,  and  ruin  their  boasted  expectations  in  that  quarter." 

It  was  in  the  maturing  events  of  1781,  that  Washington  disclosed  the  value  of  his  early  con- 
ception of  the  war,  and  its  demands,  and  vindicated  the  wisdom  of  that  strategy  which  h«  had  so  fully 
appreciated  and  enforced. 

NOTE. — When  the  manoeuvers  of  the  French  fleet  led  the  British  squadron  into  the  offing, thereto 
give  battle,  but  thereby  allowed  the  French  fleet  to  enter  from  Rhode  Island  with  siege  guns 
for  the  land  batteries,  and  then  join  De  Grasse,  and  obtain  absolute  supremacy,  it  was  plain  that  no 
adequate  aid  could  come  to  Cornwallis,  by  sea  ;  and  the  allied  operations  about  New  York,  had  as- 
sured Sir  Henry  Clinton  that  he  could  never  again  successfully  invade  New  Jersey.  The  crowning 
military  fact  which  attaches  to  the  siege  of  Yorktown  itself,  is  to  be  derived  from  the  knowledge,  that 
it  was  the  culmination  of  that  stragetical  conduct,  by  which  Washington  attested  his  character  as  a 
soldier  throughout  the  war. 

Mem. — Among  the  interesting  facts  to  te  associated  with  Chesapeake  Bay^  is  this,  that  before 
Admiral  Graves  sailed  for  New  York  in  1781,  the  heaviest  naval  armament  kneu-n  to  maritime 
warfare^  viz:  sevens-two  hostile  line-cf-battle  ships  and  h eavy 'frigates ,  -was  floating  on  its  surf  ace. 


596* 


in  |Jir0ittia 


Awcvuau 


LAFAYETTE 

WAYNE  MUHLENBERG  STEUBEN 

On  the  i8th  of  March,  1781,  General  Greene  wrote  thus,  to  Washington  :  "  Could  the  Marquis 
(Lafayette)  join  us  at  this  moment,  we  should  have  a  glorious  campaign.  It  would  put  Lord  Corn- 
wallis  and  his  whole  army  into  our  hands." 

On  the  »5th  of  April,  Cornwallis  left  Wilmington,  for  Virginia,  and  Lafayette,  who  had  reached 
Richmond,  on  the  aoth,  by  a  forced  march  from  Baltimore,  made  plans,  if  reenforced  in  time,  to 
anticipate  the  march  of  Cornwallis,  and  cut  him  oS  from  union  with  Phillips.  The  reenforcements, 
seven  hundred  veterans,  under  Wayne,  had  been  started  southward  by  Washington,  but  were  delayed 
in  their  march.  On  the  i8th  of  May,  Greene  assigned  Lafayette  to  the  command  in  Virginia,  but  to 
"  send  all  reports  to  the  commander-in-chief  "  On  the  asth  of  May,  Cornwallis  was  joined  by  Gen. 
era!  Leslie,  with  3,378  fresh  troops,  which  increased  his  force  to  7,000  men,  and  he  wrote  to  General 
Clinton,  that  "  he  should  proceed  to  dislodge  Lafayette  from  Richmond." 


tfrttteh 

CORNWALLIS 


O'HARA  SIMCOE  TARLETON 

PARALLEL  NOTES 

NOTB  I.—  The  General  Assembly  adjourned  to  Charlottesville  May  24th,  and  Cornwallis  crossed 
James  River  at  Westover,  on  the  asth,  encamping  his  whole  army  at  White  Oak  Swamp  on  the  271)1, 
in  order  to  take  Richmond  in  rear.  Lafayette,  with  a  force  less  than  one-third  that  of  his  adversary 
left  the  city  northward,  leading  the  British  more  than  twenty  miles. 

NOTE  II.  —  Cornwallis  crossed  the  Chickahominy  (see  map),  passed  Hanover  C.  H.,  crossed  the 
Pamunkey,  then  the  North  Anna,  above  New  Found  Creek,  to  head  off  the  American  column  ;  but 
on  the  29th,  Lafayette  still  held  the  lead,  crossed  the  North  Anna,  and  was  on  his  march  to  Spottsyl- 
vania  Court  House,  in  the  supposed  direction  of  Wayne's  approach. 

Nor*  III.—  Cornwallis.  dropped  the  pursuit,  sent  Tarleton  to  Charlottesville,  to  attempt  a  capture 
of  the  General  Assembly,  and  marched  to  Byrd  Creek,  where  he  joined  Simcoe,  and  also  Tarleton, 
upon  return  of  the  latter  from  Charlottesville.  The  army,  reunited,  after  forcing  Steuben  from  his 
supply  camp,  at  Elk  Island,  marched  eastward,  toward  Richmond.  Lafayette  had  been  joined  by 
Wayne,  turned  southward  along  Southwest  Mountains,  and  by  the  igth  of  June,  when  Steuben  joined 
him,  was  marching  parallel  with  the  British  army,  the  pursued  having  become  the  pursuers. 

NOTK  IV.  —  On  the  zsd  of  June,  the  American  army  had  increased,  by  militia  additions,  to  nearly 
6,000  men,  including  1,500  regulars.  The  British  had  abandoned  Richmond  on  the  aoth,  and  on  the 
«5th,  Lafayette  so  hotly  pressed  their  columns  at  Williamsburg,  that  the  entire  British  army  moved 
out  to  protect  its  rear.  Each  army  lost  30  men  in  the  engagement. 

On  the  4th  of  July,  the  "  Battle  of  Jamestown  "  was  fought,  the  British  losing  75.  and  the 
Americans  118;  but  Cornwallis  crossed  the  James  River,  and  Lafayette  marched  to  Williamsburg  and 
shut  up  the  peninsula. 

NOTB  V.—  On  the  o,th  of  July,  Tarleton  made  a  fruitless  raid  (see  map)  to  New  London,  Bedford 
County,  and  then  joined  Cornwallis,  who  took  post  at  Yorktown,  August  4th.  By  the  aid,  the  entire 
British  army  had  concentrated  at  Yorktown  and  Gloucester.  Lafayette  sent  Wayne  to  cut  off  retreat, 
southward,  and  in  urging  Washington  to  come  in  person,  and  take  command,  concludes  :  "  the  British 
army  must  be  forced  to  surrender.  I  heartily  thank  you  for  having  ordered  me  to  remain  in  Virginia. 
It  is  to  your  goodness  that  I  am  indebted  for  the  most  beautiful  prospect  I  may  ever  behold." 

MEM.  —  The  forced  march  to  Richmond,  skirmish  at  Williamsburg,  the  Battle  of  Jamestown 
and  the  -weeks  of  rapid  manoeuvre,  which  -wore  out  and  shut  up  the  army  of  Cornwallis,  vindi- 
cate the  confidence  which  Washington  and  Greene  reposed  in  Lafayette;  and  the  campaign,  -which 
Tarltton  complimented  in  higk  ttrms,  will  stand,  tn  hist»ry,  as  one  of  tht  most  brilliant  of  the 
war. 


CARRINGTON*S  "  BATTLES  OF  THE  AMERICAN  REVOLUTION,"  pp.  584-598. 

Jii.stow.s: 


Anderson,  ^  no  ;  p.  96.  Holmes,  ^  12  ;  p.  157.  Swintpn,  ^  —  ;  p.  —  . 

Barnes,  T  2  ;  p.  139.  Lossing,  i  13  ;  p.  186.  Scott,  ^  —  ;  p.  —  . 

Berard  (Bush),  T  —  }  P-  —  •  Quackenbos,  •[  400  ;  p.  294.  Thalheimer    (Eclectic), 

Goodrich,  C.  A.  (Seaveys),^  30,  p.  141.  Ridpath,  T  17  ;  p.  226.  p.  —  . 

Goodrich,  S.  G.,  ^  1-2;  p.  276.  Sadlier  (Excel),  ^  23  ;  p.  306.  Venable,  T  167  ;  p.  128. 

Hassard,  ^  9  ;  p.  226.  Stephens,  A.  H.  1  15;  p.  227-8. 


il cnrMrt  A vunlb  at  |teju 

SEPTEMBER    6th,    1781 

On  the  6th  day  of  September,  1781,  the  twenty-fourth  birthday  of  Lafayette,  and  while  Wash- 
ington and  Rochambeau  were  hastening  to  join  the  Army  of  Virginia,  and  consummate  plans  for  the 
rescue  of  that  Colony  and  the  capture  of  Cornwallis,  it  was  left  to  General  Clinton  to  express  his 
chagrin  at  thorough  out-generalship,  by  a  raid  into  Connecticut,  under  the  traitor  Arnold. 

The  expedition  left  New  York,  September  4th,  and  entered  the  harbor  of  New  London,  at  half- 
past  six  in  the  morning,  two  days  later.  According  to  Arnold's  Official  Report,  the  landing  was 
effected  on  both  sides  of  the  harbor,  about  nine  o'clock,  September  6th. 

As  a  diversion,  to  annoy  Washington,  it  was  trifling;  if  so  intended.  He  never  swerved  from 
general  plans,  for  small  local  issues.  As  a  military  movement,  it  contemplated  no  battle,  no  substan- 
tial resistance ;  and,  while  it  might  plunder  and  destroy,  it  could  only  intensify  opposition  to  Great 
Britain  As  a  matter  01  military  policy,  it  was  wretched,  since  Arnold,  the  traitor,  was  sent  to  lay 
waste  his  own  birthplace. 

Befetxces 


FORT  TRUMBULL,  on  the  New  London  bank  of  the  Thames  River,  was  a  mere  breastwork, 
or  water  battery,  almost  open,  landward.  Just  west  of  this,  on  high  ground,  a  small  redoubt  had 
been  established,  but  it  bore  the  name,  "  Fort  Folly,"  or  "  Fort  Nonsense,  and  had  no  defenders, 
Fort  Trumbull,  itself ,  was  occupied  by  not  more  than  thirty  men,  State  troops,  under  Captain  Adam 
Shapley. 

FORT  GRISWOLD,  which  crowned  the  height  on  the  east  shore,  was  a  well  conceived  redoubt, 
with  parapet,  bastions,  a  covered  entrance,  a  well  of  water,  and  was  supplemented  by  a  small  advanced 
redoubt,  slightly  down  the  hill,  and  this  connected  by  a  close  passage  with  the  main  work.  The 
garrison  was  less  than  160  men,  under  Lieut.  Colonel  Ledyard.  A  small  knoll,  or  ledge,  called  Avery's 
Hill,  was  to  the  northeast,  but  while  not  commanding  the  works,  was  a  place  for  the  lodgment  of 
assailants,  and  was  finally  occupied  by  the  invaders. 

British  J&uveroettts 

ARNOLD  conducted  the  left  wing,  or  column,  which  burned  the  town.  It  consisted  of  4  com- 
panies of  the  38th  regiment,  under  Captain  Millett ;  a  detachment  of  Yagers,  with  two  6-pounder 
guns,  a  portion  of  the  Legion  of  Loyal  Americans,  and  120  "American  Refugees,"  under  Captain 
Frink,  from  Long  Island. 

NOTE  I. — Millett  advanced  upon  Fort  Trumbull,  and  received  a  volley  which  disabled  several 

men;  but  the  small  command  of  Shapley,  took  boats  for  Fort  Griswold,  losing  several  men,  in  one  boat, 

which  was  shattered  by  a  ball,  but  joining  its  garrison. 

NOTE  II. — When  Arnold  reached  New  London,  and  saw  the  escape  of  Shapley,  and  the  defensive 
condition  of  Fort  Griswold,  he  sent  orders  to  Lieut.  Colonel  Eyre,  countermanding  the  movement  on 
the  east  side;  but  too  late,  as  the  advance  had  been  made.  His  own  movements  were  confined  to  the 
unresisted  destruction  of  property.  He  burned  ten  or  twelve  ships,  with  their  stores,  one  of  which, 
the  Hannah,  from  London,  recently  captured  as  a  prize  by  the  Americans,  contained  powder.  Arnold 
claimed  that  the  fire  which  burned  65  dwellings,  35  stores  and  warehouses,  80  ships,  20  barns,  a  meeting- 
house, court-house,  jail,  market-house,  and  custom-house,  was  the  result  of  the  explosion  of  powder, 
and  a  change  of  wind,  which  "  unfortunately  destroyed,  notwithstanding  efforts  to  prevent  it.  ' 

LIEUT.  COL.  EYRE  landed,  back  of  Pine  Island,  and  advanced  in  two  divisions, 'the  54th  and 
4pth  regiments,  respectively,  leading  each.  One  zun  and  one  howitzer  accompanied  the  command.  The 
right  division  was  supported  by  a  detachment  of  Yagers,  and  the  left  division,  by  New  Jersey  Volun- 
teers ;  but  the  last  named  fell  behind,  while  making  the  circuit  of  swampy  ground,  and  did  not  rejoin, 
until  the  st6rmina party  mounted  the  rampart. 

CAPT.  BECKWfTH,  who  bore  from  Eyre  to  Ledyard,  a  demand  for  surrender  of  the  fort,  re- 
ceived, through  Captain  Shapley,  the  prompt  rejection  of  terms.  The  prompt  reenforcement  of  the 
fort  by  militia,  who  were  available,  and  partially  depended  upon,  in  the  debate  as  to  the  demand  for 
surrender,  might  have  assured  a  final  repulse.  Better  defences  than  at  Breed's  Hill,  in  1775,  covered 
the  defenders^  but  although  Colonel  Nathan  Gallup,  of  the  Groton  militia,  had  faith  in  his  ability  to 
fill  the  fort  with  men,  they  would  not  consent  to  be  enclosed  by  works,  with  no  avenue  for  escape. 
The  real  battle  was  quickly  fought.  The  storming  parties  on  the  south  and  southeast,  were  compelled 
to  pass  a  deep  ditch,  and  climb  an  embankment  of  twelve  feet.  Those  from  the  east,  entered  through 
three  embrasures  in  the  rampart,  flanking  the  salient  angle.  The  Yagers  passed  around,  nearly  to  the 
gate.  The  first  repulse  inflicted  a  slaughter  of  the  assailants,  greater  than  the  number  of  the  garrison. 
The  second  assault  crowned  the  parapet.  Eyre  and  three  other  officers  had  been  wounded,  and  Major 
Montgomery  was  killed  by  a  spear,  so  that  Major  Broomfield,  a  New  Jersey  Loyalist,  took  command 
in  the  final  charge  with  bayonets.  Lieut.  Colonel  Buskirk,  of  the  New  Jersey  Volunteers,  came  up 
tardily,  but  participated  in  the  assault. 

Lieut.  Colonel  Ledyard  ordered  the  gate  opened,  and,  fairly  surrendered  the  fort  ;  out  nothing 
would  satisfy  the  tory  allies  of  the  British  troops,  but  wholesale  slaughter  of  the  brave  defenders. 
Eighty-five  men  were  found  dead,  and  sixty  were  dangerously  wounded.  The  American  loss,  up  to 
the  moment  of  a  fair  surrender,  had  been  trifling. 

The  British  loss  was  severe,  having  been  officially  reported  as  "  oneMajor,"  one  Captain,  one  Lieu- 
tenant, two  Ensigns,  two  Sergeants,  and  forty  rank  and  file  killed  ;  and  one  Lieut.  Colonel,  two  Cap- 
tains, one  Lieutenant,  one  Ensign,  eight  Sergeants,  two  drummers,  and  one  hundred  and  twenty- 
seven  wounded  ;  making  total  casualties,  one  hundred  and  sixty-three. 

|tefmttrw: 

CARRINGTON'S  "BATTLESJDF  THE  AMERICAN  REVOLUTION,"  pp.  625-630 

P0t0ru# : 


Anderson,  ^  113  ;  p.  97.  Holmes,  ^  15  ;  p.  158.  Swinton,^ — ;  p. — . 

Barnes,  ^  Note  ;  p.  140.  Lossing,  5  15  ;  P-  187.  Scott,  ^  15  ;  p.  215. 

Berard  (Bush),  ^  137  ;  p.  176.  Quackenbos.^oo;  p.  294.  Thalheimer  i  Eclectic), 

Goodrich,  C. A. (Seaveys),^ — ;p. — .  Ridpath   ^5;  p.  212.  p.  171-2. 

Goodrich.  S.  G.,  ^  6  ;  p.  271.  Sadlier  (Excel). ^ — ;  p. — .  Venable,  ^ — ;  p.  — . 

Hassard,  ^  7  ;    p.  225.  Stephens, A. H.^ — ;  p. — . 

84 


Cemptlect  and  Drawn  by  Col.  C 


630* 


Strength  of  Allied  Forces,  16,400 

GEORGE    WASHINGTON 


Commander-in-Chief 


merican 


MARQUIS  DE  LAFAYETTE 
General  LINCOLN 
"        WAYNE 

KNOX 

DU   PORTAIL 

BARON  STEUBEN 

NELSON 
"        WEEDON 

CLINTON 
"        ST.  CLAIR 
"        LAWSON 
"        MUHLENBERG 
Colonel    HAMILTON 

STEVENS         LAMB 
"        CARRINGTON 

SCAMMEL 

LAURENS 


<f  OfCf.S! 


Lieut. -Gen.  COUNT  DE  ROCHAMBEAU 

and  Admiral  COUNT  DE  GRASSE 
Admiral  COUNT   DE    BARRAS 
General    DE   SEVILLE 

BARON    DE   VIOMENIL 
MARQUIS     DE  CHASTELLUX 
"        M.  DE    CHOISY 
Chevalier  Colonel    DE  LAMETH 
Colonel    COUNT    DE   DUMAS 

COUNT   DE   DEUX  FONTS 
GIMAT 
General  DUKE    DE  LAUZUN 

DE   ST.    SIMON 
»UIS   DE  LA  ROUERIE 
iUIS   DE  L.   MONTMORENCI 

•  UIS  DE   SAINT  MAIME 

•  UIS   DE   CUSTINE 


INTRODUCTORY   NOTE 


he  was  at  Lafayette's  headquarters,  at  Williarasburg,  Va 


EARL  CORNWALLIS,  Lieut.-General 

O'HARA  SIMCOE  TARLETON 

Strength,    8,525 

NOTE  I.  —  Washington,  asking  on  the  jsth.  for  transportation  for  his  troops,  from  head  of  Elk 
River,  found,  that  Admiral  de  Barras  had  already  sent  ships  for  that  purpose.  On  the  :8th,  with 
Rochambeau,  Knox,  and  Du  Portail,  he  visited  De  Grasse,  upon  his  flagship,  "  La  Ville  de  Paris." 

NOTE  II.  —  September  25th,  the  army  (12,400  regulars,  and  4,000  militia)  concentrated,  at  Williams- 
burg  ;  took  position,  within  two  miles  of  British  advanced  works,  on  the  z8th  and,  after  reconnois- 
ance  in  force,  on  the  2gth  environed  Yorktown.  Colonel  Scammel  was  mortally  wounded  ;  British 
out-works  were  abandoned.  Lincoln  occupied  the  banks  of  Wormley  Creek,  near  the  Moore  House. 
(See  map,  for  location  of  besieging  forces). 

•  NOTE  III.  —  On  the  Gloucester  side,  Duke  de  Lauzun,  with  his  cavalry;  Weedon's  Virginia  militia, 
and  ioo  French  marines,  all  under  General  de  Choisy.  held  the  Neck,  cutting  off  retreat  northward. 
Tarleton  s  last  exploit,  was  in  a  collision  with  Lauzun  s  dragoons,  in  which  he  was  unhorsed. 

NOTE  IV.  —  October  6th,  heavy  guns  were  brought  up,  and  the  first  parallel  was  opened,  600  yards 
from  the  lines,  under  Lincoln.  On  the  7th  and  8th,  guns  were  mounted  on  the  works,  which  the 
British  had  previously  abandon*  d. 

At  5  P.  M.,  October  gth,  the  Americans,  on  the  right,  opened  fire,  with  six  18  and  24-pounders, 
two  mortars,  two  howitzers  ;  and  the  French  opened  fire,  on  the  left,  with  four  iz-pounders,  and  six 
howitzers.  On  the  loth,  two  French,  and  two  American  batteries,  opened  fire  from  ten  18  and  24- 
pounders,  and  ei§ht  mortars,  One  hot  shot  burned  the  frigate  Charon  (44). 

NOTE  V.  —  October  nth,  the  second  parallel  was  begun,  within  300  yards.  October  i4th,  it  be- 
came necessary  to  silence  two  redoubts,  next  the  river.  A  column,  organized  by  Lafayette,  with 
Hamilton  as  immediate  commander,  and  one  organized  by  Baron  de  Viomenil,  with  Count  Deux 
Fonts,  as  immediate  commander,  stormed  the  redoubts,  at  one  rocket  signal,  at  night,  with  perfect 
success.  Laurens  supported  Hamilton,  and  in  the  assault,  Colonels  Gimat,  Barber,  Count  de  Dumas, 
Chevalier  de  Lameth,  and  Count  de  Deux  Ponts,  were  wounded.  At  left  of  parallel,  marked  F,  a 
ravine  answered  for  a  covered  approach.  (It  was  also  utilized  by  Colonel  Poe,  United  States  Engineer, 
in  1862.) 

NOTE  VI.—  On  the  igth  of  October,  pursuant  to  articles,  signed,  on  the  i8th,  by  Cornwallis 
and  Symonds,  at  Yorktown  ;  and  by  Washington,  Rochambeau,  and  De  Barras  (for  himself  and  De 
Grasse),  "  in  the  trenches,  before  Yorktown,  in  Virginia."  the  surrender  of  the  British  army  and  post 
was  completed. 

NOTR  VII_.  —  American  casualties,  33,  killed,  65  wounded;  French,  52  killed,  134  wounded. 
British^  156  kil}edt  326  wounded,  and  70  missing.  Force  surrendered,  Officers  and  men,  7,073,  and  of 
seamen  and  shipping,  900. 


CARRINGTON'S  "  BATTLES  OF  THE  AMERICAN  REVOLUTION,"  pp.  631-647. 


Anderson,  5  114  ;  P-  97- 
Barnes,  ^  3  ;  p.  130-40. 


Berard  (Bush),  ^  140;  p.  177.  Quackenbos, 

Goodrich,  C.  A.  (Seaveys),^  ^3-4,  p.MS-  Ridpath, 
Goodrich.  S.  G.,T  4-9;  p.  277-8. 
Hassard,  ^  13  ;  p.  227. 


Holmes,  ^  13  ;  p.  217.  Swinton.  T  4  ;  p.  158. 

Lossing.  ^  16;  p.  187-8.  Scott,  f,  16-18  ;  p.  216. 

400-2;  p.  293-5.  Thalheimer  (Eclectic),  *i 
p.  226.  p.  175-6. 

Sadiier  (Excel),  ^  16-18;  p.  214.  Venable,  T  167;  p.  128-9. 

Stephens,  A.  H.  f(  18;  p.  229. 


303-6  ; 


G46* 


ffimwmttg  of 


fur  Jtomrtatit 

Had  its  true   policy    declared   by    Gen.    NATHANIEL 

GREENE,  then  in  camp  before   Boston,   during 

June,  1775.     It  was  this,  in  brief  :, 

(SEE  CARRINGTON'S  "BATTLES  OF  THE  AMERICAN  REVOLUTION,"   pp.  80-91.) 

1.  One  General-in-Chief. 

2.  Enlistments,  for  the  war. 

3.  Bounties,   for  families  of  soldiers  in  the  field. 

4.  Service,   to  be  general,   regardless  of  place  of  enlistment. 

5.  Money  loans    to  be  effected,  equal  to  the  demands  of 

the  war. 

6.  A  Declaration  of  Independence,  with  the  pledge  of  all 

the  resources,  of  each  Colony,   to  its  support. 


Jtottg 


GEORGE  WASHINGTON 
<fiI0mmatttl*t-itt-<8!Wrf 

HORATIO  GATES 


(RANKING  AS  NAMED) 

ARTEMAS  WARD          CHARLES    LEE        PHILIP  SCHUYLER 

ISRAEL  PUTNAM 


SETH  POMEROY,  RICHARD  MONTGOMERY,  DAVID  WOOSTER 

WILLIAM  HEATH,    JOSEPH  SPENCER 
JOHN  THOMAS,  NATHANIEL   GREENE. 


pcdavutum  nf  f  ttfcep*ttfc*ittt 

JULY  4th,   1776 


OCTOBER  igth,   1781 


of 

OFFICIALLY  DECLARED,    APRIL  i8th,   1783 


gattle  papss  and  <8hart«s  of  the  §wewan  Devolution 

By  HENRY  B.  CARRINGTON,  M.A.,  LL.D.,  Col.  U.  S.  Army. 
Published  by  A.  S.  BARNES  AGO.,  Ill  and  113  William  Street,  New  York. 

I  he  publishers  issue  this  work  for  the  use  of  teachers  and  scholars,  as  well  as  for 
its  fitness  as  a  companion  to  all  Histories  of  the  United  States,  with  confidence  that 
it  will  prove  a  valuable  specialty  to  all. 

The  introduc.ory  page  explains  its  object.  The  author  has  made  reference  to 
various  School  Histories,  so  that  it  becomes  a  hand  book  for  teachers  generally. 

The  volume  contains  the  41  maps  which  were  the  result  of  thirty  years  of  study 
and  are  found  in  his  standard  volume,  "  Battles  of  the  American  Revolution.  ' 

The  map,  "  battle  of  Guilford  Court  House,"  with  its  page  of  field  notes, 
illustrates  the  scope  of  this  work. 

FIVE  STEEL  ENGRAVINGS,  of  WASHINGTON,  accompany  the  volume.  The  ST. 
MEMIN  (Crayon)  as  frontispiece,  engraved  by  Hall  &  Sons;  also  PEALE'S  painting 
(1772),  HOUDON'S  bust  (1784),  TRUMBULI.'S  painting  (1792),  and  STUART'S  painting' 
(1796),  are  furnished,  in  steel. 

PRESS  NOTICES. 

I  his  volume,  by  General  Carrington,  U.S.  A.,  represents  an  amount  of  patient  toil  which  none 
but  an  antiquarian,  or  one  who  pursues  historical  investigations  in  accordance  with  the  most  approved 
methods  of  the  cautious  scholarship  of  modern  times,  can  well  understand.  It  is  evident  that  a  single 
map,  or  corner  of  a  map,  has  often  cost  the  author  weeks  of  unremitting  labor  ;  but  the  result  is  worth 
the  toil  spent  in  its  achievement.  Patience  and  fidelity  are  the  things  most  needed  in  such  a  work  as 
this,  which  virtually  puts  the  'costliest  or  most  inaccessible  historical  records  within  reach  of  the 
public  schools  and  the  reader  at  home.  The  book  is  a  companion  to  any  history  of  the  United 
States.— Good  Literature. 

It  contains  a  carefully  drawn  topographical  scale  map  of  every  important  engagement  fought 
during  the  Revolution,  as  well  as  the  successive  theatres  of  operations,  and  facing  each  map  is  an  ex- 
planatory text  so  arranged  as  to  show  at  a  glance  the  names  of  the  principal  and  subordinate  com- 
manders, both  American  and  British,  the  numbers  engaged,  the  casualties,  the  plan  of  battle  and  the 
movement  of  each  side.  It  will  be  found  a  convenient  and  invaluable  companion  in  reading  the 
standard  histories  of  the  United  States,  and  it  is,  moreover,  especially  adapted  to  school  use,  since  it 
contains,  under  the  head  of  each  battle,  a  reference  by  page  and  section  to  a  large  number  of  the  most 
popular  manuals  studied  in  our  schools.  The  clearness  of  both  the  text  and  the  maps  deserve  the 
warmest  commendation. — .V.  Y.  Tribune. 

The  book  presents  in  a  most  convenient  form,  not  only  to  the  teacher  and  student,  but  to  the 
military  man,  the  various  plans  of  battle  grounds  famous  in  our  Revolutionary  struggle,  with  positions 
of  the  various  forces.  Alongside  of  each  map  is  given,  in  plain  text,  the  name  of  the  battle,  date, 
with  the  forces  employed  on  Doth  sides,  and  by  whom  commanded.  The  idea  of  conveying  this  in- 
formation, often  so  little  understood  by  teacher  and  pupil,  is  an  excellent  one. — N.  Y.  Times. 

Col.  Carrington's  "  BATTLR  MAPS  AND  CHARTS  OF  THE  AMERICAN  REVOLUTION,"  with  notes  and 
school  history  references,  is  a  book  of  exceptional  value  and  one  which  every  teacher  and  student  of 
history  should  possess.  It  gives  in  a  compact  form  what  has  never  appeared  in  such  shape  before,  and 
what  is  reliable  and  authoritative  to  a  degree  never  before  equalled. — Bridgeport  \Ct.)  Standard. 

A  striking  example  of  multum  in  parvo  in  the  sense  of  the  best  and  most  admirable  condensed 
exposition,  is  Col.  Henry  B.  Carrington's  "  BATTLE  MAPS  AND  CHARTS  OF  THE  AMERICAN  REVOLU- 
TION." (A.  S.  Barnes  &  Co.)  We  will  not  undertake  to  compute  how  many  volumes  of  graphic 
writing  would  be  required  to  introduce  the  student  into  the  terms,  conditions,  and  very  action  of  these 
revolutionary  battles  as  far  as  Col.  Carrington  manages  to  do  by  means  of  his  excellent  topographic 
maps,  in  connection  with  the  luminous  notes  and  condensed  exposition  of  the  opposite  page.  To  an 
eye  which  has  acquired  the  simple  training  required  for  the  full  understanding  of  a  topographic  map, 
these  delineations  of  Col .  Camngton  show  the  ground  on  which  the  engagements  took  place,  with 
the  rivers,  hills,  woods,  fields,  roads,  and  the  movement  of  the  forces  from  the  moment  battle  was  de- 
livered, with  the  lines  of  retreat  and  the  condition  of  things atthe  end.  For  the  sake  of  enabling  the 
student  to  follow  out  the  matter  in  original  study,  full  references  are  given  to  the  authorities,  and  the 
volume  is  prepared  with  notes  and  explanations  for  school  use. — A'.  Y.  Independent . 

Of  good  convenient  size,  very  distinct,  and  accompanied  with  such  historical  summaries  as 
almost  to  do  away  with  the  necessity  of  large  histories. — Christian  Advocate,  {tf.  Y.\ 

Invaluable  to  the  student  of  American  History.— Baltimore  (Md.)  Herald. 

Invaluable  to  all  historical  students  and  the  best  book  of  the  kind  in  our  literature.  The  volume 
has  been  compiled  and  brought  out  with  the  usual  thoroughness  that  characterizes  Col.  Carrington's 
work. — Boston  Transcript. 

Deserves  a  welcome  in  every  school  district,  as  well  as  in  every  historical  library  in  the  land. — 
Army  and  Navv  Journal. 

In  our  opinion.  Col.  Carrington's  work  is  an  authority,  showing  great  labor  and  careful  study,  and 
it  should  become  a  national  text  book,  and  find  a  place  in  all  public  and  private  libraries.— Indiana- 
polis (!nd.)  Herald. 

Each  map  is  accompanied  with  a  statement  of  the  generals  and  number  of  men  engaged  on  both 
sides,  to  which  is  appended  the  reason  forsuch  battle  or  engagement,  with  remarks  by  the  author,  who 
is  excellent  authority  in  military  matters  —The  hducator  {New  Haven,  Ct.) 

A  valuable  compilation  from  the  author's  large  work,  and  cannot  fail  to  make  a  more  lasting 
impression  upon  the  author's  mind  than  could  be  desired  from  the  perusal  of  many  volumes  of  his- 
tory.—AT.  Y.  Herald. 

Each  map  is  accompanied  by  a  page  of  text,  arranged  upon  a  compact  and  original  system,  so  as 
to  present  a  singularly  clear  view  of  the  history  and  significance  of  the  engagement  in  question,  the 
names  of  the  chief  and  subordinate  commanders,  the  forces  nominal  and  available,  the  losses  on  each 
side,  and  the  incidents  of  the  battle.— JV.  Y.  Evening  Post. 


Prof.  Northrop,  Secretary  of  the  State  Board  of  Education,  of  Conn.,  and  Presi- 
dent Carleton,  of  ihe  State  Normal  School,  adopted  it  upon  its  first  appearance. 

Price,  $1.25.  Sent,  post-paid,  to  School  Superintendents  and  Teachers,  for 
introduction,  upon  receipt  of  $I.OO  ;  and  liberal  terms  made  with  Schools  Military 
and  Civil,  Army  Officers  and  Posts,  State  Militia,  and  the  Trade. 


A   BOOK   FOR   HISTORICAL   STUDENTS. 


Battles  of  the  American  Revolution, 

BY  HENRY  B.  CARRINGTON,  M.  A..  LL.  D., 

Colonel  United  States  Army. 


The  following  are  a  few  selections  from  personal  and  press  notices,  at  home  and  abroad  : 

From  the  ARMY  AND  XAVY  JOURNAL.—"  This  Is 
the  most  impartial  and  conservative  criticism  on 
military  affairs  in  this  country  which  the  century  has 
produced." 

From  the  NEW  YORK  TIMES.—"  The  battles  of  the 
Revolution  are  taken  up  in  their  chronological 
order ;  the  movements,  military  and  political  events 
leading  up  to  them  and  bearing  on  them  are  given  ; 
the  actual  conflict  is  described  in  a  vivid,  forcible 
way  that  leaves  a  clear  impression  of  the  potential 
Incidents  on  the  mind,  and  then,  just  why  and  how 
the  battles  were  lost  and  won,  is  explained.  The 
work  bears  evidence  all  the  way  through  of  wide 
and  pains-taking  research.  Maps  and  battle  plans, 
based  on  the  best  authority,  help  the  understanding 
of  the  text.  There  is  that  excellent  thing  in  a  book, 
a  good  index.  The  author  maintains  throughout  an 
attitude  of  judicial  impartiality,  but  is  always  much 
•lore  and  liberal  with  praise  than  with  blame.  To 
the  military  student  this  work  must  be  of  special 
interest  and  value,  while  to  the  general  reader  It 
will  afford  the  best  means,  always,  of  arriving  at  a 
clear  understanding  of  the  cause  and  results  of  any 
of  the  important  engagements  of  the  Revolution. 
Colonel  Carrington  is  entitled  to  the  thanks  of  his 
countrymen  for  having  done  his  work." 

From  the  INDIANAPOLIS  (Ind.)  JOURNAL.—"  The 
whole  volume  teems  with  documents  which  give  a 
new  cast  to  leading  battles.  An  original  element 
closes  and  adds  value  to  the  work,  so  that  it  appeals 
to  every  profession,  finds  a  place  in  every  family, 
and  can  be  appreciated  Dy  mechanics  and  schoolboys, 
as  well  as  by  scholars.  A  table  of  contents  of  chap- 
ters, a  1st  of  the  maps,  and  a  reference  table  of 
authors  and  libraries  consulted,  in  America  and 
Europe,  fopns  a  part  of  the  completeness  with 
which  the  volume  enters  into  the  permanent  record 
of  American  history/' 

From  the  LOUISVILLE  (Ky.)  COURIER-JOURNAL — 
"  This  story  of  the  Battles  of  the  Revolution  is  based 
upon  official  reports  and  on  the  statements  of  au- 
thorities to  whom  reference  is  made.  The  maps  are 
the  work  of  the  author,  based  upon  those  previously 

Subllshed,  or  upon  personal  inspection  of  the  battle 
elds.  The  volume  will  prove  instructive  to  those 
who  seek  general  knowledge  of  military  operations 
through  this  application  in  popular  form,  or  military 
principles  to  familiar  examples,  and  presents  in  an 
interesting  shape  a  single  record  of  all  the  battles  of 
the  Revolution." 


From  Ex.  Pres.  Tneo.  WOOLSEY,  of  Yale  College. 
— "  I  think  It  a  book  of  permanent  value  ;  not  milk 
for  babes,  but  strong  meat  for  men.  To  me,  at  least, 
it  will  be  an  authority,  and  I  believe  it  will  have  a 
permanent  place  among  books,  furnishing  the  coun- 
try with  the  means  of  judging  the  campaigns  of 
Washington  and  the  Revolution." 

From  Gen.  W.  T.  SHERMAN,  U.  S.  Army.—"  I  have 
carefully  examined  its  general  order  of  arrange- 
ment, the  maps  and  illustrations.  The  first  thirteen 
chapters  form  an  excellent  epitome  or  treatise  on 
the  Science  and  Art  of  War,  which  taken  in  connec- 
tion with  the  description  of  battles,  will  have  the 
effect  of  teaching  American  youth  the  Art  of  War 
In  connection  with  our  own  history,  thus  accom- 
plishing the  double  purpose.  We  are  all  indebted  to 
you  for  the  labor  and  expense  of  preparing  this 
volume,  and  I  hope  it  will  in  time  fully  re-imburse 
you." 

From  Hon.  Wu.  M.  EVARTS,  New  York  City.— 
"  Col.  Carrington's  book  on  the  *  Battles  of  the 
Revolution '  fills  an  important  place  in  history  not 
before  occupied.  His  literary  and  military  qualifi- 
cations, combined,  furnish  all  desirable  guarantees 
of  the  completeness  of  his  execution  of  the  task  he 
has  undertaken.  I  have  examined  his  maps,  which 
are  prepared  with  great  fullness  and  care,  and  find 
them  an  ample  illustration  to  guide  the  unprofes- 
sional reader  to  correct  and  intelligent  views  of  the 
battles  and  attendant  military  operations." 

From  Hon.  GEORGE  BANCROFT.— "An  entirely  new 
field  of  historical  labor."  "A  splendid  volume, 
which  I  see  at  once  is  the  fruit  of  much  toil  and 
careful  research,  and  the  advantage  of  military 
experience." 

From  BENSON  J.  LOSSING,  Esq.,  Historian.— "  A  ' 
necessary  companion  to  the  histories  of  that  period." 
"  I  am  satisfied  that  no  one  can  fully  understand  the 
philosophy  of  the  old  war  for  Independence  and  the 
true  relations  of  all  its  events  until  he  has  made  a 
careful  and  thoughtful  perusal  of  your  work.  It  is 
an  absolute  necessity  in  our  literature,  furnishing, 
as  it  does,  a  hitherto  unsupplied  want.  Its  arrange- 
ment and  style  are  such  as  to  arrest  the  attention  of 
the  most  superficial  reader  and  hold  it  by  a  charm 
like  that  of  the  wildest  romance  of  the  heroic  age 
of  America.  As  a  citizen  of  the  great  Republic  of 
the  West,  I  cordially  thank  you  for  this  important 
contribution  to  our  national  literature.  Visits  to 
the  battle-fields,  and  a  careful  study  of  the  surveys 
made  by  engineers  engaged  in  that  conflict,  have 
made  me  quite  familiar  with  the  localities  described 
by  the  maps,  and  I  can  freely  say  that  I  have  been 
deeply  impressed  by  the  evidence  of  carefulness  and 
fidelity  to  truth  displayed  in  their  delineations." 

From  WILLIAM  L.  STONE,  Historian. — "  Your  book 
should  be  on  the  shelves  of  every  scholar  in  our 
country."  It  is  invaluable." 

From  the  LONDON  SATURDAY  REVIEW.— "The 
carefully  and  minutely  detailed  account  of  each 
movement  and  every  important  action,  illustrated 
by  careful  plans  and  maps,  render  the  work  highly 
valuable  for  the  purposes  of  a  mere  military  history, 
and  It  will  probably  oe  a  favorite  with  all  critics  and 
strategists  interested  in  the  peculiar  kind  of  war  of 
which  it  affords  one  of  the  most  signal  examples.  It 
is  a  useful  text  book  in  military  colleges,  not  only 
in  England  and  America,  but  in  every  country  where 
soldiers  are  likely  to  be  engaged  in  warfare  in  half- 
civilized  and  thinly-settled  lands. 

From  the  N.  Y. 


From  the  CHURCHMAN,  Hartford,  Ct.— "  There  is, 
strange  to  say,  an  air  of  freshness  In  this  book. 
Works  on  the  Revolution  are  not,  by  any  means  rare. 
But  we  find  here  something  that  bears  a  character 
of  its  own.  The  author  discusses  the  war  of  "6  in 
the  light  of  military  science.  He  is  a  thoughtful 
writer,  and  his  book  Is  one  of  substantial  value.  He 
treats  the  subject  In  a  philosophical  way,  and  almost 
everything  he  says  tends  to  stimulate  thought." 

From  the  CINCTNNATI(O.)GAZETTE. — "  The  author 
has  aimed  to  give  a  clear  account  of  the  different 
operations,  has  avoided  all  useless  detail,  but  pre- 
served enough  of  anecdote  and  Incident  to  make  the 
book  Interesting  to  the  general  reader :  introduced 
much  new  information,  and  drawn  his  own  conclu- 
sions from  the  wealth  of  matter  which  he  com- 
manded. He  has  succeeded,  as  an  author,  In  com- 
bining the  exactness  of  the  historian  with  the 
interesting  descriptive  power  of  the  writer  whose 
works  prove  attractive  to  the  reader,  who  is  in 
search  of  pleasure  as  well  as  profit." 

Independent. 


"  The  whole  volume  is  written  with  military  precision  and  accuracy,  and  covers  completely  an  important 
ground  which  has  never  been  described  before  in  any  similar  manner,  There  are  plenty  of  maps  and  an 
exhaustive  index." 

Boyal  Octavo  Cloth,  $6.00  \  Sheep,  $7.50  j  Half  Calf  or  Morocco,  $9.00  j  Full  Morocco,  $12.00. 

A.  S.  BARNES  &  CO.,  PUBLISHERS,  NEW  YORK. 


B     F.    DECOSTA. 
1  HENRY    P.    JOHNSTON. 


THE  only  periodical  on  this  continent  exclusively 
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